ImmunoSero

• The study of the reactions of a host when foreign substances are introduced into the body.

  Immunology
• The study of a non-cellular portion of the blood known as serum.

  Serology
• Can be defined as the study of a host’s reactions when foreign substances are introduced into the body.

  Immunology
• A foreign substance that induces such an immune response is called an

  Antigen
• is a process by which a host organism protects itself from attacks by external and internal agents.

  Immunity
• is necessary to protect the host from obvious invaders such as parasites and also against external noxious elements and sun exposure

  Immunity response
• Foreign substance that stimulates antibody production. Large, complex molecules (MW >10,000), usually protein or polysaccharide.

  Antigen
• Immunoglobulin produced by plasma cells in response to Ag.

  Antibodies
• Vasoactive amine released from mast cells & basophils during allergic reaction.

  Histamine
• Low molecular weight substance that can bind to antibody once it’s form

  Hapten
• Any substance capable of inducing immune response.

  Immunogen
• Ability of an individual to resist infections by means of normally present body functions.

  Innate/ Non-adaptive/ Non specific Immunity
• Host response to foreign agents that depends on T and B lymphocytes and is characterized by specificity, memory, and recognition of self versus non-self.

  Acquired/ Adaptive/ Specific Immunity
• Active natural immunity

  Exposure from infection
• Active artificial Immunity

  Vaccination
• Passive natural immunity

  Transfer in VIVO or Colostrum
• Passive artificial immunity

  Infusion of serum or plasma injection
• Type of immuity produced by the host

  Active immunity
• Type of immunity that is NOT produced by the host

  Passive Immunity
• Type if Immunity with long duration of immune response.

  Active immunity
• Type of immunity with short duration of immune response

  Passive
• Sample collection and handling blood for serological testing is collected in tubes with red stoppers.

  red stoppers
• Tests in the serology section detect the presence of antibodies to _.

  bacteria, fungi, parasites, viruses, and antibodies against body substances
• Screening test for HIV

  Anti-HIV
• Detects nuclear autoantibodies

  Antinuclear antibody (ANA)
• Detects a previous streptococcus infection

  Antistreptolysin O (ASO) screen
• Elevated level indicate inflammatory disorders

  C-reactive proteins (CRP)
• Elevated levels indicate atypical Mycoplasma pneumonia

  Cold agglutinins
• Test that evaluate the function of the immune system

  Complement levels
• Detects cytomegalovirus infection

  Cytomegalovirus antibody (CMV)
• Detects antibodies to microorganisms causing fever

  Febrile agglutinins
• Type of Immunity that responds immediately

  Passive
• Type of Immunity that do not respond immediately

  active
• Why are serum separator tube not used in immunology section

  the gel will interfere with the antigen-antibody reactions.