Cell Biology

• What is a EUKARYOTIC cell


  animal or plant cell
• What is a PROKARYOTIC cell


  single-celled organism

  Bacteria
• Difference between EUKAYOTIC + PROKARYOTIC cell

  PROKARYOTIC: smaller, bacteria, genetic material is NOT enclosed in a nucleus (DNA loop, PLASMIDS)

  EUKARYOTIC: animal, plant, Larger, Nucleus
• animal cell


  has a nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondria, ribosomes
• plant cell


  same as animal cell but has: permanent vacuole, chloroplasts(chlorophyll pigment), cell wall
• Bacteria cells


  has a cytoplasm, cell membrane, cell wall, plasmids
• nucleus


  contains genetic material and controls cell activity
• Ribosomes


  Where proteins are made, sit of proteinsynthesis
• Cytoplasm


  gel-like substance containing nutrients, enzymes and salts where chemical reactions take place
• Mitochondria


  site of aerobic respiration, respiration releases energy for cell to use
• Cell membrane


  holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out
• Chloroplast


  site of photosynthesis (makes food/glucose for plant using energy from sunlight)

  contains chlorophyll
• Chlorophyll


  Green pigment found in chloroplast which absorbs light energy from sun for photosynthesis
• Cell wall


  made of cellulose, supports and strengthens cell shape
• permanent vacuole


  contains cell sap(weak solution of sugar and salt), large sac in middle, helps maintain structure and shape of plant cell
• what are the 5 KINGDOMS OF LIFE

  plants, animals, fungi, bacteria, protocists
• name the eukaryotes

  plants, animal, fungi, protocists
• all eukaryotes have a...

  nucleus
• Heterotrophs


  animals are heterotrophs - get energy from other organisms
• features of animals

  reproduce sexually, heterotrophs, multicellular
• Autotrophs


  plants are autotrophs - get energy from sun due to photosynthesis
• saprotrophic nutrients

  1. Fungi feed by a special type of heterotrophic nutrition called 'saprotrophic' nutrition. 
  2. First, they secrete digestive enzymes out of their body, onto the food.
  3. These break down and digest the food.
  4. They then absorb the small nutrients into their cells. 
• Hyphae (fungi)


  tiny thread like structures
• protists are...

  unicellular
• yeast is...


  unicellular
• a VIRUS is a Parasite...?

  an organism that depends on another organism to grow and reproduce (parasite)
• What can act as pathogens?

  bacteria, virus, protists, fungi
• virus is NOT a cell it is a PARASITE
• plants are...


  multicellular, autotrops
• Base (microscope)


  base

  
• formula for magnification

  magnification = image size / real size
• eyepiece lens (microscopes)


  eyepiece lens

  
• If you place a human hair on a microscope slide, and look at it under a microscope, is the hair itself considered the object or the image? 

  object
• If you look at cheek cells under a microscope, are the shapes that you see when looking down the microscope the object or the image? 

  image
• microscope slide


  slide

  
• what is a microscope


  designed to magnify small objects so that they appear larger
• resolution

  how detailed the image is
• magnification


  how many times larger the image is than the object
• objective lenses

  objective lenses

  
• pathway of light microscope

  Light source ➔ stage ➔ microscope slide ➔ object ➔ objective lens ➔ body tube ➔ eyepiece lens ➔ eye