apush unit 13

• Lyndon Johnson


  1963-1969: Democrat, JFK's vice president and later President after his assassination. Signed the Civil Rights Act of 1964 into law and the Voting Rights Act of 1965. He had a war on poverty in his agenda. in an attempt to win, he set a few goals, including the Great Society, the Economic Opportunity act, and other programs that provided food stamps and welfare to needy famillies. He also created a department of housing and urban development. His most important legislation was probably medicare and medicaid.
• Great Society


  President Johnson's social reform program. War on Poverty, civil rights, welfare, etc.
• "war on poverty"


  1964: President Johnson declares a "war on poverty". Created the Office of Economic Opportunity, which provided several programs which helped the poor.
• Medicare/Medicaid


  Medicare (1965): Provided health insurance for all people 65 and older

  Medicaid (1965): PRovided funds to states to pay for medical care for the poor and disabled.
• HUD


  The Department of Housing and Urban Development; government agency that deals with housing issues.
• Civil Rights Act of 1964


  1964: Made segregation illegal in all public facilities, including hotels and restaurants, and gave the federal government more power to enforce school desegregation. Ended discrimination in employment.
• The Voting Rights Act of 1965


  Ended literacy tests and provided federal registrars in areas where African Americans had been kept from voting since Reconstruction.
• Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965


  Ended the ethnic quota acts of the 1920s favoring Europeans and threby opened the United States to immigrants from parts of the world.
• Freedom Summer


  1964: When black and white people together challenged segregation and led a massive drive to register black people to vote.
• Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

  1964: North Vietnamese supposedly fired on U.S. warships in the Gulf of Tonkin. The Congress approves the resolution which gave the President permission to take any measures to protect the U.S. in Vietnam.
• Domino effect


  If Vietnam fell to communism, the surrounding nations would also become communist.
• Operation Rolling Thunder


  1965: A bombing campaign over North Vietnam conducted by the United States to weaken their power.
• Ho Chi Minh Trail


  Network of trails and paths used by North Vietnam to transport supplies into South Vietnam.
• "living room war"


  Refers to how the Vietnam War could be watched on television by Americans from their living room.
• Tet Offensive

  1968: During Tet, the Vietcong attack American bases in Southern Vietnam. Failed, but setback the American military and made it clear that there was more of the war to go.
• Watts riots


  1965: Sparked when a black motorist was arrested by the police. A six-day race riot that lalsted in deaths and destruction of buildings.
• Malcolm X

  Converted to Islam, advocated for black self-defense against white attacks.
• Black Power


  Slogan used in the civil rights movement which advocated for black power and self-rule.
• Black Panthers


  1966: Created by Huey Newton, they were a black militant group and socialist movement that wanted self-rule for African Americans.
• Civil Rights Act of 1968


  Ended discrimination in housing.
• The Feminine Mystique


  Written by Betty Friedan, it encouraged middle-class women to seek professional careers and to not be restricted by their household roles.
• NOW


  1966: National Organization of Women, which worked to advocate for gender equality and job opportunities.
• Title IX


  1972: Congress passed this statute to end sex discrimination in schools that receive federal funding.
• The Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)


  Proposed constitutional amendment which stated the equality of gender rights in the United States. Passed by Congress, but missed ratification throughout the states.
• Cesar Chavez


  Led the United Farm Workers Association and achieved bargaining rights for low-paid agricultural workers.
• United Farm Workers


  Organization of migrant workers created to establish better wages and working conditions.
• American Indian Movement (AIM)

  Organization formed to achieve self-determination and the revival of traditions.
• The Warren Court


  Supreme Court when led by Chief Justic Earl Warren. Made a series of decisions that profoundly affected the criminal-justice system, state political systems, and the defintion of individual rights.
• SDS - Students for a Democratic Society

  Created in 1962, it was a radical student organization that worked against the authority of the rules established by colleges and universities.
• Port Huron Statement

  1962: A declaration of purposes created by the SDS in their meeting at Port Huron. Called for university decisions to be made through participatory democracy.
• The New Left


  Activists and intellecturals who supported the leadership of Tom Hayden. Affiliated with the SDS.
• Free Speech Movement


  1964: Students at UC Berkeley demanded an end to university restrictions on students' political activities and a greater voice in the government of the university.
• Anti War movement

  Social movement that grew among younger generations like college students which opposed the nation's decisions in Vietnam and the draft.
• The Yippies


  The Youth International Party, a political party formed in 1967, which called for the establishment of a New Nation consisting of cooperative institutions that would replace those currently in existence.
• The Weather Underground


  A radical splinter group of the SDS which embraced violence and vandalism to push for their beliefs.
• Counterculture


  New culture of the young generation that was aligned with rebellion through clothing, music, drug use, etc.
• Woodstock

  1969: Three day music festival in upstate New York. Many attendees used drugs and dressed differently, showcasing the counterculture.
• The sexual revolution


  A new outlook that emphasized more casual beliefs on premarital sex, homosexuality, and the use of contrraceptives.
• Silent Spring

  Written by Rachel Carson, it explained the negative effects of a widely used insecticide on the environment. Made Americans to question the causes of the environmental crisis.
• Earth Day

  A holiday conceived of by environmental activist and Senator Gaylord Nelson to encourage support for and increase awareness of environmental concerns; first celebrated on March 22, 1970.