The particle model

• Solid


  Particles close together and vibrating, but held in position
• Liquid


  Particles close together but free to move around
• Gas


  Particles apart and moving fast
• Substance


  A particular kind of matter with uniform properties
• Particles


  Extremely small units of matter that make up everything in the universe
• Vibrate


  To move rapidly back and forth
• State

  The physical form in which matter exists (solid, liquid, or gas)
• All matter is made of particles
• They are very small so you can't see them
• Particle model

  • A way of explaining the differences (solid, liquid, gas)
• The particles in solids, liquids and gases are different
• Main ideas of the particle model

  • All matter is made of different particles
  • A force of attraction hold them together
  • Particles have energy and are always vibrating
  • Adding heat makes them gain energy and speed therefore breaking the forces holding them together
• What happens when ice melts and turns into liquid

  1. When ice is heated, the energy makes the water particles vibrate and break the forces holding them together

  2. This allows the particles to slide past each other and become a liquid
• What happens when liquid water is heated even more


  The particles move faster and break free from each other and turn into a gas
• Particle model

  • Helps us understand how substances change from one state to another
  • Can explain the changes in the state of substances like ice and sulfur
  • Understanding these changes help us make better ice cream and explain the properties of different materials
• What happens to a particle when you add heat to it

  They change from a solid to a liquid, They turn into gas
• When you change a liquid to a gas


  You change the temperature
• When particles gain enough energy

  They become a different stage (e.g. solid to liquid, liquid to gas)
• When the particles from a liquid become a gas


  They lose all force of attraction and they move very quickly and they are far away from each other and become faster in movement
• At temperatures around 200°C, sulfur melts and becomes a yellow liquid that is highly viscous
• As the temperature is increased, the liquid sulfur becomes less viscous and can flow more easily
• At around 450°C, sulfur begins to boil and gives off a characteristic odor
• Sulfur dioxide, an unpleasant, poisonous, and suffocating gas, may be produced by burning both solid and molten sulfur
• gas: A substance with no fixed shape or volume
• distillation: a technique used to recover a liquid from a solution
• Unsaturated: able to dissolve more solute
• chromatography: a technique used to seperaye substances that move at diffrent speeds
• proportion: the amout of one thing relative to the other amount of another thing
• physical property: A property of a substance such as its shape or state of matter
• subtance: a particular type of matter
• filtration: separates insoluble solids from liquids
• uniform: having the same properties throughout
• condensation: a change of state from gas to liquid
• solute: a substance that is dissolved in another substance
• gas: particles are far apart and move quickly in all directions.
• distillation: a technique used to recover a liquid from a solution
• matter: anything that has mass and takes up space
• sublimation: a change of state directly from solid to gas without passing through the liquid phase
• solvent: a substance that does the dissolving
• crystallisation: a process whereby a soluble solute separates out as crystals when its saturated solution cools or evaporates