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• Sun

  Center of the solar system
• Sun

  • Temperature: 15 million degrees celsius
  • Medium-sized star
  • Hydrogen(75%). Helium(24%), other (1%)
  • Diameter: 1,400,000 km
  • Distance from earth: 149,600,000 km away
  • Main sequence (4.5 billion years old)
• Layers of the Sun

  • Outer Layers
  • Inner Layers
• Photosphere

  Glowing layer of gasses on the sun (visible layer)
• Chromosphere

  Above the photosphere
• Corona

  Outer layer of the sun
• Core

  Innermost layer (15 mil degrees celsius)
• Radiative zone

  Passage for all energy that is released at the core (7-12 mil degrees celsius)
• Convection zone

  Outermost layer (2 mil degrees celsius)
• Sunspots

  Dark areas around the photosphere, appear dark because they cooler temp than the rest of the sun
• Solar flames

  Flames off the sun
• Solar Prominences

  Looks like loops
• Earth is approximately 4.54 billion years old
• Distance from the sun: 93 mil m/150 mil km
• Layers of the Earth

  • Solid inner core
  • Liquid outer core
  • Mantle
  • Crust
• Solid inner core

  Solid. Dense, ball of iron, Radius: 1220 km, Temp: 5200 degrees celsius, Pressure: 3.6 mil atmosphere (atm)
• Liquid outer core

  Composed of liquid iron and nickel, Thickness: about 2200-2250 km, Temp: 4500-5500 degrees celsius
• Mantle

  Most of the earth's interior, Layer of molten rocks between solid crust and hot, dense core, Thickness: about 2900 km, Temp: 1000-3700 degrees celsius
• Gutenberg discontinuity

  Boundary between mantle and core
• Mohorovic discontinuity

  Boundary between mantle and crust
• Earth Crust

  Outermost layer, 1% of the earth's mass, Made up of solid rocks and materials
• Continental crust

  Older, thicker, visible in our eyes, landforms
• Oceanic crust

  Sea bed, younger, denser
• Rotation

  Turning of earth on its axis, Takes 24 hours to complete one rotation, Tilted by 23.45(or 23.5) degrees, Causes the different seasons, Effect: day and night, Direction: counterclockwise
• Revolution

  Movement around the sun, Takes a full year (365 ¼ days) to complete one revolution, The path of the earth moving around the sun is called an orbit, The earth's orbit is elliptical (oval shape)
• Aphelion

  When earth is farthest from the sun, 152.1 mil km
• Perihelion

  When earth is closer to the sun, 147.1 mil km
• Solstice

  Refers to a day either the longest or the shortest, June 20-22 summer solstice (longest days), December 21-22 winter solstice (shortest days)
• Equinox

  Refers to a day with the equal duration of day and night, March 20-21 vernal equinox (spring), Sept 22-23 autumnal equinox
• Moon

  Earth is 4 times the size of a moon, 384,000 km distance from earth, Rotating the same rate as earth (synchronous rotation), Takes 27 earth days to complete one orbit around earth
• Surface of the moon

  • Solid, rocky surface, impact from asteroids, meteorites, and comets, Very thin, negligible atmosphere called exosphere (you can't breathe there), Temp: 127 celsius facing the sun, -173 celsius away from the sun
• Lunar regolith

  Charcoal-gray, powdery dust, and rocky waste
• Highlands

  Light areas of the moon
• Maria

  Dark features
• Layers of the Moon

  • Crust
  • Mantle
  • Core
• Moon Crust

  Outermost layer, Consisting of regolith
• Moon Mantle

  Divided into 2: Rigid lithosphere (upper mantle), Athenosphere (lower mantle, hot enough to flow)
• Moon Core

  Innermost layer, Solid, iron-rich part (240 km thick), Surrounded by a liquid iron core (90 km thick), Is surrounded by a partially molten layer
• Eclipses

  • Solar eclipses
  • Lunar eclipses
• Solar Eclipse

  When the moon is positioned between the earth and sun, Types: partial, annular, total