Hearing and Balance

• 3 divisions of ear

  • External ear - collecting sound wave
  • Internal ear - responsible for balance
  • Middle ear
• Auricle (Pinna) - labas ng tenga

  
• Auditory Canal - where ear wax appear

  
• Pharyngotympanic tube (auditory tube) - Links middle ear cavity with the throat. Equalizes pressure in the middle ear cavity so the eardrum can vibrate. Sumakay sa eroplano parang full ang tenga.
• Three bones (ossicles) span the cavity

  • Malleus (hammer)
  • Incus (anvil)
  • Stapes (stirrup)
• Semicircular canals - inner part of the brain the is responsible for balance
• Cochlea - inner part of the brain the is responsible for bouncing of wave
• Vestibular apparatus - Equilibrium receptors of the inner ear
• Static equilibrium - type of equilibrium that is nakaupo / nakatayo . moving your head
• Dynamic equilibrium - type of equilibrium that is naglalakad / moving your legs / biglaang tao example
• Maculae —receptors in the vestibule
• Crystals / Otoliths - maintain the head to straight / dictate your positions
• Crista ampullaris - Responds to angular or rotational movements of the head
• Spiral organ of Corti - Located within the cochlear duct. Snail shape
• High-pitched sounds - disturb the short, stiff fibers of the basilar membrane. Receptor cells close to the oval window are stimulated
• Low-pitched sounds - disturb the long, floppy fibers of the basilar membrane. Specific hair cells further along the cochlea are affected
• Deafness - is any degree of hearing loss
• Conduction - deafness results when the transmission of sound vibrations through the external and middle ears is hindered
• Sensorineural deafness - results from damage to the nervous system structures involved in hearing
• Ménière’s syndrome - affects the inner ear and causes progressive deafness and perhaps vertigo (sensation of spinning)