Refer to the goals and targets that an organization aims to achieve over an extended period, typically spanning more than three years.
Nature of Long-Term Objectives:
Strategic Alignment
Impact on Performance
Adaptability and Flexibility
Time Horizon
Motivational Tool
Financialobjectives are specific, quantifiable targets that focus on the financial aspects of the organization's performance.
Strategic objectives are broader, long-term goals that focus on the overall direction and success of the organization.
Balanced Scorecard derives its name from the perceived need of firms to "balance" financial measures that are oftentimes used exclusively in strategy evaluation and control with non financial measures such as product quality and customer service.
Types of Strategies:
Comprehensive Strategic Management
Vision, Mission, Values
Perform External Analysis
PerformInternal Analysis
Setting Objective
IdentifyingStrategic Alternative
EvaluatingStrategic Alternative
Comprehensive Strategic Management - is the process of systematically planning, implementing, evaluating, and adapting an organization's strategies to achieve its long-term goals and objectives.
Vision, Mission, Values - Defining the organization's purpose, aspirations, and core beliefs.
Perform External Analysis - Externalanalysis assesses factors outside the organization affecting its strategy
Perform Internal Analysis - Examines the organization's strengths and weaknesses within its operations.
. Identifying Strategic Alternatives - Generating potential strategies based on the analysis, such as differentiation, cost leadership, market penetration, etc.
Evaluating Strategic Alternatives - UsingtoolslikeDecision Matrices, Cost-Benefit Analysis, orScenarioPlanning to select the most viable strategies
Alternative Strategies are different plans or actions anorganizationcanchoose from to achieve its objectives, allowingflexibilityin approach based on changing circumstances.
AlternativeStrategies
Market Penetration Strategy
Product Development Strategy
Market Development Strategy
Cost Leadership Strategy
Market Penetration Strategy - Increasingmarketshare for existing products/services incurrentmarkets.
Product Development Strategy - Creatingnewproducts/services for existing markets.
Market Development Strategy- Expandingexisting products/services into newmarkets.
Cost Leadership Strategy - Becoming the lowest-cost producer in the industry.
Differentiation Strategy- Offering unique products/services that stand out in the market
DifferentiationStrategy
Forward Integration
Backward Integration
Horizontal Integration
Related Diversification
Unrelated Diversification
Forward Integration - Gaining ownership or increased control over distributors or retailers
Backward Integration - Seeking ownership or increased control of a firm’s suppliers
Horizontal Integration - Seeking ownership or increased control over competitors
Related Diversification - Adding new but related products or service
Unrelated Diversification - Adding new, unrelated products or services
Level of Strategies
Corporate Strategy
Business Strategy
Functional Strategy
Corporate Strategy- Defines the organization’s overall direction and the high-level ideas of how to move towards it.
Business Strategy is a means to achieve the goals of the specific business units in the organization.
Functional Strategy- This level of strategy designs the approach for the different functional areas or departments.
Operational Strategy- Situated at the lowest tier of the strategic hierarchy, focuses on the day-to-day actions and tactics needed to run the business, manage processes, and implement change effectively.
Characteristicsof Operational Level Strategy:
Tactical Execution
Short-termfocus
Resource Utilization
Project Management
Feedback and Adaptation
Immediate Impact
Integration Strategies are processes that businesses can use to enhance their competitiveness, efficiency or market share by expanding their influence into new areas.
Integration Strategies:
Vertical Integration
Horizontal Integration
two types of Vertical Integration
Forward Integration
Backward Integration
Vertical Integration - involves the acquisition of business operations within the same production level.
Horizontal Integration - is a strategy where a company acquires, merges or takes over another company with the same industry value chain.
Forward Integration - is a strategy adopted by business to reduce production costs and improve the firm's efficiency by acquiring supplier companies and, therefore, replacing the third party channels and consolidating its operations
Backward Integration - is a process in which a company acquires or merges with other businesses that supply raw materials needed in the production of its finished product.
Intensive strategies are implemented when a company wants to expand its market reach or its product lines.