digestive

• Alimentary canal


  • Where mechanical and chemical digestion occur
• pepsin breaks down proteins into amino acids
• the stomach has three layers, mucosa (epithelium), submucosa, muscularis externa
• the stomach is located between the esophagus and small intestine
• lipase breaks down fats into fatty acids and glycerol
• amylase breaks down carbohydrates into monosaccharides
• small intestine is where most absorption occurs
• The liver plays a crucial role in detoxifying harmful substances in the body, such as alcohol and drugs.
• the stomach is the organ that secretes gastric juice, which contains pepsinogen (enzyme) and hydrochloric acid
• large intestine absorbs water from undigested food
• bile salts emulsify lipids to increase surface area for enzymes to act on them
• enzymes are secreted by pancreas and liver
• pancreatic juice contains bicarbonate which neutralizes acid from the stomach
• The gallbladder stores bile produced by the liver until it is needed to emulsify fats during digestion.
• One of the liver's functions is to produce bile, which helps in the digestion and absorption of fats.
• The liver is responsible for storing essential nutrients like vitamins and iron for later use by the body.
• hydrochloric acid kills bacteria and activates pepsinogen to form pepsin
• gallbladder stores bile until needed
• amylase breaks down starch into maltose
• the stomach secretes hydrochloric acid to kill bacteria and denature proteins
• proteases break down proteins into amino acids
• bile is stored in gall bladder
• pepsinogen is converted to pepsin by HCl
• pancreatic duct empties into small intestine
• gastric juices are secreted by the stomach lining
• pancreas produces bicarbonate to neutralize chyme coming from the stomach
• bile is stored in the gallbladder and released when food enters the duodenum
• Bile salts are important components of bile that play a critical role in the digestion and absorption of lipids.