CH7

• Ethics


  Moral principles governing an individual or organisation's behaviour, such as a code of conduct
• British Computer Society (BCS)


  Professional body set up in the UK to represent the rights and ethical practices of all professionals working in the IT and computing industries
• BCS Code


  • Public Interest
  • Professional Competence and Integrity
  • Duty of Relevant Authority
  • Duty of the Profession
• Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IEEE)


  Set up in the USA
• IEEE Aims


  • Raise awareness of ethical issues
  • Promote ethical behaviors among professionals working in the electronic industries
  • Ensuring engineers and scientist respect the need for ethical behavior
• IEEE Principles


  • Public
  • Client and Employer
  • Product
  • Judgment
  • Management
  • Profession
  • Colleagues
  • Self
• Software piracy


  Making illegal copies of software
• Steps to stop illegal copying of software

  1. User will be asked to agree the license agreement before software continue to install

  2. User will be asked to key in a product key (string of letters and numbers) which was supplied with the original copy of the software
• Software Licensing Types


  • Commercial Software
  • Free Software and the Open Source Initiative
  • Freeware
  • Shareware
• Commercial Software


  Available to customers for a fee, providing a license for one genuine copy to be used on a single device or a multi-use license for multiple users, fully copyright protected
• Free Software and the Open Source Initiative

  Non-profit organization that promote the benefits of giving users the freedom to run, copy, change, and adapt software
• Freedoms of Free/Open Source Software

  • Run the software for any legal purpose they wish
  • Study the program source code and modify it where necessary to meet their needs
  • Redistribute copies of the software to friends and family
  • Distribute code modified by the user to family and friends
• User not allowed to: Add source code from another piece of software unless this is also described as free software or open source software, Use the source code to produce software which copies existing software which is subject to copyright laws, Use the source code to produce software which is deemed offensive by third parties
• Free Software Foundation


  Focuses on what the recipient of the software is permitted to do with the software, not subjected to copyright laws
• Open Source Initiative


  Focuses on the practical consequences offered by the 4 freedoms, aim to provide effective collaboration on software development by the users
• Freeware


  Software a user can download from the internet free of charge, subjected to copyright laws, user is not allowed to study or modify the source code in any way
• Shareware


  Allows users to try out some software free of charge for a trial period, end of trial author requests payment to continue using, protected under copyright law
• Artificial Intelligence (AI)


  A machine or application which carries out a task that requires some degree of intelligence when carried out by a human being
• AI Tasks


  • Carrying out mathematical calculations or functions
  • Recognizing person's face
  • Ability to operate machinery
  • Analyzing data to predict the outcome of a future event
• AI Impacts


  • Social (leave people with more time to pursue their interests, automation in payment, facial recognition in forensic science)
  • Economic (automation increases production efficiency, increase unemployment, instability for future labour)
  • Environmental (find patterns and interconnections in data, help make predictions about environment and climate change)