Fatty acids

• what are the 3 parts fatty acids made up of

  • a methyl group (CH3)
  • a long hydrocarbon chain (CH2)
  • a carboxyl group (COOH)
• how does each fatty acid differ from each other

  • by length of the hydrocarbon chain
  • (the higher the number -> longer the fatty acid chain)
  • (n is number of CH2 units in hydrocarbon chain)
• why is there a variation in lipid structure

  due to many different types of fatty acids
• what are the 2 types of fatty acids

  • saturated triglycerides
  • unsaturated triglycerides
• what do saturated triglycerides contain

  saturated fatty acids
• what do unsaturated triglycerides contain

  unsaturated fatty acids
• whats the difference between saturated + unsaturated

  • saturated = no double bonds
  • unsaturated = has double bond(s)
• how does a triglyceride form

  1 glycerol molecule combines with 3 fatty acid molecules
• how is each glycerol molecule combined with 3 fatty acid molecules

  • through ESTER bonds
• how many ester bonds does a triglyceride form

  3
• how are ester bonds formed

  through condensation reactions
• draw a triglyceride 


  .

  
• if a lipid is broken down into fatty acids + glycerol what is the reaction called

  hydrolysis reaction
• what does a high intake of fat do

  damages the heart + coronary arteries -> contributes to heart disease
• what does LDLs stand for

  Low density lipoproteins
• what does HDLs stand for

  High density lipoproteins
• describe LDLs

  • contain + transport saturated fats
  • cause harm
  • fatty material can block major arteries (plaque)
  • causing myocardial infarction (heart attack)
• describe HDLs

  • contain + transported unsaturated fats
  • carry harmful fats away to liver for disposal
  • a higher proportion of HDL in blood lowers the risk of heart disease
• what can high fat intake cause

  • atherosclerosis
  • aneurysm
  • myocardial infarction
• describe the properties of lipids

  • insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents (ethanol)
  • solid at room temp
  • oils liquid at room temp