behaviour learnt through conditioning

• there are two types of conditioning - classical and operant.
• classical conditioning is where behaviour is learnt through association - associating two things together, to give the same response to both.
• Pavlov established the concept of classical conditioning through his work with dogs, where he trained them to salivate at the sound of a bell.
• • the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) results in the unconditioned response (UCR.)
  • neutral stimulus (NS) is presented at the same time as the UCS.
  • when the NS causes the same response as the UCS on its own, this is the conditioned stimulus (CS) resulting in the conditioned response (CR.)
• operant conditioning is where behaviour is learnt through reinforcement - reinforcement refers to something that will increase the likelihood of a behaviour occuring again, it can be positive or negative.
• there is also operant punishment - this weakens behaviour, and therefore decreases the chance of that behaviour happening again.
• for example, the Reinforcement Affect Model suggests relationships are learnt through classical conditioning.
• • classical conditioning leads us to like people who are nearby when we feel good.
  • even if they aren't involved in making us feel good, after a while, we will associate them with the good feeling such that whenever we see them, we feel good.