L10-12 quiz

• lipids are the only class of macromolecules that contain

  fatty acids
• lipid triacylglycerols (oils) characteristics are:

  • produced mostly by plants
  • contain unsaturated fatty acids
  • more likely to be degraded than stored in humans
  • contain more calories per gram than a carbohydrate
  • extremely water insoluble
• pyranoses:

  • 6 membered rings
  • form is preferred over furanose
• in a chair-boat flip an axial substituent becomes _ after flipping

  equatorial
• 3 fatty acids bonded together with a glycerol are found in

  a triacylglycerol
• lipids are characteristically water _

  insoluble
• are unsaturated triacylglycerols more common in plants or animals?

  plants
• unsaturated triacylglycerols are _ at room temperature

  liquids
• saturated triacylglycerols contain _ hydrogens than unsaturated triacylglycerols with the same number of carbon atoms

  more
• ketohexose:

  • cyclises in solution to give 5 and 6 membered rings in equilibrium with the open chain form
  • alpha and beta anomeric forms will be produced after cyclisation
  • C2 is the anomeric carbon
• in sugars, to determine whether it is D or L form: look at the position of the -OH group on the stereogenic carbon furthest away from the CHO or C=O group
• glycosidic bond between 2 monosaccharides always invloves one

  anomeric carbon
• reducing sugars contain

  a free aldehyde/ketone group
• glucose is a _ sugar

  reducing
• reducing sugars can convert Cu2+ to

  Cu+
• how many hydrogen bonds form between the base pairs C and G

  3
• citric acid cycle:

  • no oxygen is used in the cycle, but need to be reoxidised NADH and FADH2 by the electron transport system as the last proton acceptor.
  • 3 molecules of NADH and one molecule of FADH2 in one cycle
  • one molecule of GTP is produced by substrate-level phosphorylation in the cycle