english

• DEFINITION- a statement of the meaning of the term (a word, phrase, or other set of symbols )
• EXPANDED DEFINITION- is one or more paragraphs that attempt to explain a complex term with the use of examples and visuals
• Expanded definition uses the combination of formal and informal definitions.
• FORMAL DEFINITION- composed of term being defined, the class of object or concept to which termbelongs.
• INFORMAL DEFINITION- is where the writer uses known words or examples to explain unknown term. It may include the antonyms and synonyms, partially or incomplete.
• WAYS ON HOW TO EXPAND A DEFINITION INTO NA PARAGRAPH

  1. EXPANDING by giving an example
  2. EXPANDING by comparing and contrasting
  3. EXPANDING by describing a process
• SOURCES OF EXPANDED DEFINITIONS

  • Description
  • Additional definitions
  • Process of Narration
  • Historical Background
  • Causes
  • Effects, Results
  • Problems and Solution
  • Statictics
  • Uses and applications
  • Classes and Types
  • Similarities and Diff
  • Examples
  • Future Developments
  • Negatives
  • Word Origins
  • Advantages and Disadvantages
• Expanded definition uses the combination of what

  formal and informal definitions
• PLOT: EXPOSITION - stage wherein the characters and the setting of the story are introduced.
• PLOT: RISING ACTION - inciting incident that pushes the plot into motion, making the protagonist taking action.
• PLOT: CLIMAX - The turning point and the most exciting part of the story.
• PLOT: FALLING ACTION - Events that are resolved by the protagonist.
• PLOT: RESOLUTION - The conclusion or the end of the story.
• RESEARCH - the systematic investigation into and study of materials and sources in order to establish facts and reach new conclusions.
• THESIS - a research study that demands critical thinking.
• ABSTRACT - A concise overview of a research study
• APPLIED RESEARCH - The research that is conducted to formulate knowledge with the aim of improving a certain practice or method.
• BASIC RESEARCH - The research that examines theories or concepts.
• CONCEPTS - The building blocks or important components of theories.
• CORRELATIONAL STUDY - type of research design that shows the relationship between variables but not limited to cause-effect
• DATA - Pieces of information; can be in the form of numbers or words; plural of datum
• DEPENDENT VARIABLE - The concept that the researcher is most interested or concerned about; the quality he/she is observing
• DEDUCTIVE REASONING - The basis for quantitative research and is influenced by premises.
• DESCRIPTIVE STUDY - A research design that illustrates “what is”, e.g., a survey.
• EXTERNAL VALIDITY -  type of validity that tells how generalizable the findings are even outside of the study since it concerns other populations.
• EXPERIMENT -  research design employed to determine “cause-effect” relationships.
• RESEARCH INTRODUCTION (CHAPTER 1) IN ORDER:

  introduction >>> background of the study >>> statement of the problem >>> research proposition >>> significance of the study >>> scope and delimitation
• HYPOTHESIS - A statement proposed by the researcher expressing the relationship between or among the variables.
• INDEPENDENT VARIABLE - The concept being studied that usually tells the researcher about the influence or cause; the one that the researcher is manipulating or controlling.
• INDUCTIVE REASONING - The basis for qualitative research approach.
• INTERNAL VALIDITY - A type of validity that tells the extent to which a study measures what is supposed to (accuracy within the study).
• MEAN - The arithmetic average
• MEDIAN - The middle where half the scores fall above, half below; disregards the presence of outliers
• MODE - The score that occurs the most
• OPERATIONAL DEFINITION - The definition that tells how a term is used in a certain study
• POPULATION - A group of items characterized by its similar interest
• PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR - The person who is responsible for the research
• RANDOM - Something that happens by chance
• QUANTITATIVE - A research design that uses data with numerical representation or values
• QUALITATIVE - a research design that uses narrative data