Immunity

• Phagocytitic cells

  Neutrophil cells

  eosinophil cells

  macrophage

  dendritic cells
• Types of wbc


  Phagocytic cells

  histamine releasing cells

  natural killer cells

  lymphocyte
• outcome of histamine release

  vasodilation

  increased permeability of blood vessel

  attract phagocytic cells
• first line of defence

  physical, chemical, microbiota barriers
• effects of histamine release

  vasodialation

  increased permeability of blood vessels

  attracts phagocytic cells
• Acquired immunity


  Immunity that develops during a person's lifetime
• Active immunity


  The production of antibodies by a person in response to exposure to a particular antigen
• Adaptive immunity


  An immune response that is specific to a particular antigen and develops through contact with an antigen
• Allergen


  An antigen that elicits an allergic response
• Allergic response


  Rapid immune response to normally harmless antigens such as dust or pollen; involves production of IgE antibodies by B lymphocytes and release of histamines by mast cells
• Allergy


  An abnormal immune response to a substance that is harmless for most people
• Anaphylaxis


  Acute and potentially lethal allergic reaction to an allergen to which a person has become hypersensitive
• Antibodies


  Proteins produced by plasma cells in response to antigens and which react specifically with the antigen that induced their formation; also called immunoglobulins
• Antigen-binding sites


  Regions of an antibody molecule to which an antigen binds; also called variable regions
• Antigen-presenting cells


  Cells of the immune system that use MHC-II markers on their surface to present antigens to helper T cells to elicit an immune response
• Antigens


  Molecules or parts of molecules that stimulate an immune response
• Artificial active immunity


  The deliberate administration of disabled antigens to elicit the production of antibodies
• Acquired immunity


  Immunity that develops during a person's lifetime
• Active immunity


  The production of antibodies by a person in response to exposure to a particular antigen
• Adaptive immunity


  An immune response that is specific to a particular antigen and develops through contact with an antigen
• Allergen


  An antigen that elicits an allergic response
• Allergic response


  Rapid immune response to normally harmless antigens such as dust or pollen; involves production of IgE antibodies by B lymphocytes and release of histamines by mast cells
• Allergy


  An abnormal immune response to a substance that is harmless for most people
• Anaphylaxis


  Acute and potentially lethal allergic reaction to an allergen to which a person has become hypersensitive
• Antibodies


  Proteins produced by plasma cells in response to antigens and which react specifically with the antigen that induced their formation; also called immunoglobulins
• Antigen-binding sites


  Regions of an antibody molecule to which an antigen binds; also called variable regions
• Antigen-presenting cells


  Cells of the immune system that use MHC-II markers on their surface to present antigens to helper T cells to elicit an immune response
• Antigens


  Molecules or parts of molecules that stimulate an immune response
• Artificial active immunity


  The deliberate administration of disabled antigens to elicit the production of antibodies
• Capsid


  Protein shell enclosing the genetic material of a virus
• Cascade


  1. Multi-step process

  2. Each step must occur in a set order

  3. Each step triggers the next in the sequence
• Cell-mediated adaptive response

  1. Cytotoxic T cells destroy virally infected cells

  2. Using perforin and granzyme B
• Cell mediated immunity


  Immune response that is mediated by immune cells
• Cellular pathogens


  Disease causing agent made up of cells. Can reproduce independently without relying on the host machinery
• Chemical barriers

  Innate barriers that use enzymes to kill pathogens and prevent invasion into a host
• Chemotaxis


  Movement of a cell or organism in response to a chemical substance (such as complement or cytokines)
• Clonal expansion


  A process of multiple cycles of cell division of a lymphocyte specific to a particular antigen, resulting in the production of large numbers of identical lymphocytes
• Clonal selection


  An event occurring in lymph nodes in which those lymphocytes with receptors that can recognise a new antigen come into contact with that particular antigen
• Clones


  Groups of cells, organisms or genes with identical genetic make‑up
• Complement proteins


  Proteins that assist other innate immune cells and can destroy bacterial cells by lysis