Research methods

• Sampling methods:

  Random sampling is when each person has an equal chance of selection
• Sampling methods:

  Opportunity sampling is where the researcher selects people available at the time
• Sampling methods:

  Systematic sampling is selecting every nth person from list of a target population
• Sampling methods:

  Stratified sampling is selecting participants in proportion to frequency in the target population
• Ways of dealing with ethical issues:

  BPS guidelines- all psychologists must follow
• Ways of dealing with ethical issues:

  get informed consent
• Ways of dealing with ethical issues:

  protection from harm
• Ways of dealing with ethical issues:

  deal with privacy
• Quantitive methods involve numbers in the results
• Qualitative methods involve a description in the results
• Types of experiments:

  lab experiments:

  takes place in a lab
• Types of experiments:

  lab experiments:

  strength:

  extrenuous variables can be controlled
• Types of experiments:

  lab experiments:

  evaluation:

  weakness:

  people may change behaviour
• Types of experiments:

  field experiments:

  take place in a natural setting
• Types of experiments:

  field experiments:

  strength:

  Take place in a natural environment
• Types of experiments:

  field experiments:

  weakness:

  lose control of extrenuous variables
• Types of experiments:

  natural experiments:

  take place in lab or natural but the researcher only observes
• Experimental designs:

  Independent groups:

  Different group of participants for each level
• Experimental designs:

  Independent groups:

  strength:

  order Effects are not a problem
• Experimental designs:

  Independent groups:

  weakness:

  different participants in each group
• Experimental designs:

  repeated measures:

  all participants take part in all levels of experiment
• Experimental designs:

  repeated measures:

  strength:

  less participants needed
• Experimental designs:

  repeated measures:

  weakness:

  order effects
• Experimental designs:

  matched pairs:

  participants matched and one member of each pair goes into each condition
• Experimental designs:

  matched pairs :

  strength:

  no order effects
• experimental designs:

  matched pairs :

  weakness:

  takes time to match participants