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• Health Promotion


  Any of health education and related organizational, economic, and environmental support for the behavior of individuals, groups or communities conducive to health
• Health Protection


  Behaviors in which one engages with the specific intent to prevent disease, to detect disease in its early stages, or to maximize health within the constraints of disease
• Risk


  The probability that a specific event will occur at a given time frame
• Risk factor


  An exposure that is associated with a disease
• Three criteria for establishing risk factor


  • The frequency of the disease varies by category or amount of the factor
  • The risk factor must precede the onset of the disease
  • The association of concern must not be due to any source of error
• Modifiable risk factors


  Aspects of health risk over which an individual has some control
• Non-modifiable risk factors


  Aspects of risk over which one has little or no control
• Risk reduction


  A proactive process in which individuals participate in behaviors that enable them to react to actual or potential threats to their health
• Risk communication


  The process through which the public receives information regarding actual threats to health possible or
• Diet is one of the most modifiable of risk factors. A healthy diet contributes to the prevention of chronic diseases such as Type 2 Diabetes, hypertension, heart disease and some cancers
• The problem of being overweight in the Country is alarmingly increasing in number, affecting about 7 out of 10 women and about 1 out of 10 men
• Obesity affecting Filipino adults is known as the android or apple shape type, where abdominal fat accumulation is measured using waist-to-hip ratio (WHR)
• An individual's body weight is determined by a complex interplay among metabolism, genetics, behavior, environment, culture, and socioeconomic status, making the problem of being overweight a difficult one to study and impact
• Nutritional Guidelines for Filipinos

  • 10 Nutritional Guidelines for Filipinos

  
• Food eaten away from home is associated with an increased likelihood of overweight
• Tips when eating away from home

  • Patronize establishments that offer a variety of food choices and are willing to make substitutions or changes
  • Order low-fat steamed, broiled, baked, roasted or poached items or ask that an item be prepared in a low-calorie way such as grilled rather than fried
  • Choose low-calorie sauces or condiments or do without them altogether
  • Substitute colorful vegetables for other side dishes
  • Ask for half of the meal to be boxed to take home before the meal is brought to the table
  • Share an entree with someone
  • Order a vegetarian meal and Select fruit for dessert
• Tips to decrease reliance on away from home foods

  • Plan carefully
  • Pack Healthy Snacks
  • Cook healthy foods, such as fresh fruits and vegetables, when grocery shopping to pack for lunch
  • Purchase healthy foods when grocery shopping to pack for lunch, such as fresh fruits and vegetables
  • Bring along nutritious foods for travel or longer excursions that will not spoil, such as fresh fruits and vegetables, or pack a cooler with healthy foods
• The physical activity of Filipino adults aged 20 years and above is low. About 92.7% have low leisure-related physical activity
• Factors affecting the suitability of an environment for walking

  • Walking path and modal Conflict
  • Availability of Walking Path
  • Availability of Crossings
  • Grade Crossing Safety
  • Motorist Behavior
  • Amenities
  • Disability Infrastructure
  • Obstructions
  • Security from Crime
• Exercise can be broken down into smaller blocks of time during the day if it's not convenient to do it all at once. Physical activity can also be a family affair, using the time to reconnect and have fun together
• Tips for practicing sleep hygiene

  • Avoid Caffeine and Nicotine close to bedtime
  • Avoid alcohol as it can cause sleep disruptions
  • Retire and get up at the same time every day
  • Exercise regularly, but finish all exercise and vigorous activity at least 3 hours before bedtime
  • Establish a regular relaxing bedtime routine (a warm bath, reading a book)
  • Avoid large meals before bedtime

  
• Smoking cessation is an important step in achieving optimum health

  
• Tips to improve sleep

  • Avoid caffeine and nicotine close to bedtime
  • Avoid alcohol as it can cause sleep disruptions
  • Retire and get up at the same time every day
  • Exercise regularly, but finish all exercise and vigorous activity at least 3 hours before bedtime
  • Establish a regular relaxing bedtime routine (a warm bath, reading a book)
  • Avoid large meals before bedtime

  
• Sleep assessment


  An important nursing function. If patients report snoring, apnea, restlessness, or insomnia, they may have sleep disorders. Recommend keeping a sleep log detailing how many hours are spent in sleep each night and any problems with sleep. If insufficient sleep is causing trouble concentrating or completing daily activities, it is recommended that a doctor be consulted, as a sleep disorder may be to blame.

  
• Countries with more than half of the world's smokers

  • 14 countries, including the PHILIPPINES
• In 2009, among the 10 Leading causes of Death in the Philippines 8 were associated with Smoking

  
• The cigarette smoking prevalence rate of Filipinos aged 15 years and older was 28%; 48% of the males and 9% of the Females were current smokers in the same year
• Withdrawal symptoms experienced by smokers trying to quit

  Anxiety, increased appetite, irritability, and difficulty concentrating

  
• Steps to quit smoking

  1. Make the decision to quit

  2. Set a date to quit and choose a plan

  3. Deal with the withdrawal

  4. Staying off tobacco is a lifelong process

  
• Role of Community Health Nurses in tobacco cessation

  • Ask about tobacco use at every clinic visit or home visit, and look for teachable moments
  • Assess the client's tobacco use
  • Explore with clients why they may or may not have considered giving up their tobacco habit and what options are available to help them quit
  • Refer the client to Smoking Cessation websites or other healthcare professionals

  
• Tobacco Control Governing Policies

  • WHO Tobacco Free Initiative formulated the Mpower strategy to monitor tobacco use and prevention policies
  • Republic Act No. 9211 or the Tobacco Regulation Act of 2003 prohibits smoking in public places and the sale of tobacco products to Minors, requires a printed warning on cigarette packages, and prohibits all forms of tobacco advertising in mass media and regulates other forms of tobacco promotions
  • DOH and DOE carry out a continuous information program on the harmful effects of smoking, undertake a National Smoking cessation Program, and Establish smoking cessation clinics

  
• Alcohol consumption by Filipinos aged 15 years and older


  In 2003 and 2005, the consumption was estimated at 6.4 liters per capita. Drinkers had a per capita consumption of 17 liters, with male drinkers consuming 19 liters and female drinkers, 10.9 liters
• Moderation in alcohol consumption

  Not more than two drinks a day for the average-sized man and not more than one drink a day. Heavy drinking is defined as consuming more than two drinks per day for women. Binge drinking is drinking five or more drinks on a single occasion for men or four or more drinks for women.
• Short and long-term effects of alcohol

  Short-term risks include risky sexual behavior, violence, unintentional injuries from motor vehicle accidents, falls, firearms, and drowning. Long-term risks include neurologic conditions such as dementia and stroke, cardiovascular problems such as MI, hypertension, cardiomyopathy, and psychiatric problems.
• The Global Strategy to reduce the harmful use of alcohol was endorsed by the World Health Assembly in May 2010
• The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion


  Organized by the WHO, the first International Conference on Health Promotion was held at Ottawa, Canada on November 17- 21, 1986. The Charter defines health promotion as the process of enabling people to increase control over and to improve their health, which requires that an individual or group be able to identify and realize aspirations, satisfy needs, and change or cope with the environment.

  
• 3 Basic Strategies and Prerequisites for Health

  • Advocacy for health to provide for the conditions and essential resources for health
  • Enabling all people to attain their full health potential
  • Mediating among the different sections of the society in efforts to achieve health
• 5 Priority Action Areas to support the Three Strategies

  • Build Healthy Public Policy
  • Create Supportive Environments
  • Develop Personal Skills
  • Reorient Health Services
  • Moving into the Future
• Health education


  The process of changing people's knowledge, skills, and attitudes for health promotion and risk reduction. The nurse participates in health education by empowering people so that they are able to achieve optimum health and prevent disease by bringing about lifestyle changes and reducing exposure to health risks in the environment.
• Patient education


  A series of planned teaching-learning activities designed for individuals, families, or groups with an identified alteration in health. Its purpose is to aid the client in coping with the event to prevent complications or deterioration of the client's condition.