LESSON# 2

• Verb + ㄹ/을 거예요 = future tense!

  1. Verb stems ending with a vowel (보다, 가다, 자다) are followed by ㄹ 거예요
  2. Verb stems ending with a consonant (먹다, 찾다, 붙다) are followed by 을 거예요. (**There is no complex reason for this. It’s just for the ease of pronunciation.)
  3. Exception: Verb stems already ending with ㄹ at the end (놀다, 멀다, 살다) are followed just by 거예요.
• 지금 갈 거예요. = I’m going to go (there) now.

  혼자 갈 거예요. = I’m going to go alone.

  내일 갈 거예요. = I’m going to go tomorrow.
• I want to eat rice cake = 떡을 먹고 싶어요. [dduk-eul meok-go ssi-ga-yo.]
• I want to drink water = 물을 마시고 싶어요. [mul-eul ma-shi-go ssi-ga-yo.]
• I want to buy a book = 책을 사고 싶어요. [chaek-eul sa-go ssi-ga-yo.]
• Object marking particles:

  을 [eul] - used after a noun ending in a consonant

  를 [reul] - used after a noun ending in a vowel
• 텔레비전(을) 일주일에 몇 번 봐요? = How many times a week do you watch TV?
• 저는 영화를 좋아해요. = I like movies.
• 그리고 [geu-ri-go] has the meaning of “and” and “and then”

  커피, 빵, 그리고 물 [keo-pi, ppang, geu-ri-go mul] = coffee, bread and water
• 그래서 [geu-rae-seo] has the meaning of “therefore” and “so”
• 그래서 [geu-rae-seo] has the meaning of “therefore” and “so”

  저는 학생이에요. 그래서 돈이 없어요. [jeo-neun hak-saeng-i-e-yo. geu-rae-seo do-ni eop-seo-yo] = I am a student. So I don’t have money
• 하고 [ha-go] = and

  ** 하고 is used like a particle and attached right after a noun without space

  example:

  이거하고 이거 주세요. [i-geo-ha-go i-geo ju-se-yo] = Give me this and this.
• (이)랑 [(i)rang] = and

  ** If a noun ends in a vowel, you use 랑 after it and if it ends with a final consonant, you use 이랑, to make it easier to pronounce.

  EXAMPLE:

  우유랑 빵 샀어요. [u-yu-rang ppang sa-sseo-yo] = I bought milk and bread
• 같이 means “together” so 하고 같이 or (이)랑 같이 means “together with”.
• names of the days in a week.

  월요일 [wo-ryo-il] = Monday

  화요일 [hwa-yo-il] = Tuesday

  수요일 [su-yo-il] = Wednesday

  목요일 [mo-gyo-il] = Thursday

  금요일 [geu-myo-il] = Friday

  토요일 [to-yo-il] = Saturady

  일요일 [i-ryo-il] = Sunday
• 저는 금요일마다 밤새 술을 마셔요= I drink all night long every Friday.
• 토요일에는 소풍을 갈 거예= I’m going to go on a picnic on Saturday.
• 토요일 저녁에는 새로운 언어 공부를 시작해요= This Saturday evening, I’m going to start studying a new language
• 그렇지만 [geu-reo-chi-man] = but, however

  *** contrast two sentences

  그런데 [geu-reon-de] = but, however

  ***introduce two actions or states that occurred one after another, and if the first sentence works as background information for the second sentence

  피곤해요. 그렇지만 영화 보고 싶어요 and 피곤해요. 그런데 영화 보고 싶어요= = I’m tired. But I want to see a movie
• 어제 과음했어요. 그런데 말짱해요= I drank way too much yesterday. But I’m okay now
• 어제 밤 늦게 잤어요. 그런데 전혀 피곤하지 않아요= I went to bed late last night. But I’m not tired at all.
• 저는 매일 운동을 해요. 그런데 살이 빠지지 않아요= I work out everyday. But I don’t lose any weight
• 어제까지는 친구였어요. 그런데 오늘부터는 애인이에요= Until yesterday, we were friends. But from today, we are dating each other
• 저는 친구가 없어요. 그런데 왕따는 아니에요= I don’t have friends, but I’m not a loner.
• 한테 [han-te] = “to” someone, “from” someone

  한테서 [han-te-seo] = “from” someone

  ***you can only use them about people. You can not use these words about objects or places.

  EXAMPLE:

  저한테 [jeo-han-te] = to me, from me

  친 구한테 [chin-gu-han-te] = to a friend, from a friend

  누구한테 [nu-gu-han-te] = to whom, from whom

  저 한테서 [jeo-han-te-seo] = from me

  친구한테서 [chin-gu-han-te-seo] = from a friend

  누구한테서 [nu-gu-han-te-seo] = from whom
• • Native number + 시 [si] = hour
  • Number + 분 [bun] = minute

  1:05 = 1 + 시 + 5 + 분 = 한 시 오 분 [han si o bun]

  1:15 = 1 + 시 + 15 + 분 = 한 시 십오 분 [han si si-bo bun]
• How to ask the time

  지금 몇 시예요? [ ji-geum myeot si-ye-yo?] = What time is it now?

  지금 몇 시 몇 분이에요? [ ji-geum myeot si myeot-bun-i-e-yo?] = What hour and what minute is it?
• 저는 매일 아침 9시까지 출근해요. 퇴근은 보통 6시 30분에 해요 I get to work by 9 every morning. I usually leave work at 6:30
• 내일 수업이 4시 반에 끝나요. My classes finish at 4:30 tomorrow.
• 오늘 몇 시에 친구를 만나요? = What time do you meet your friend today?
• 그때 무엇을 하고 있었어요? = What were you doing then?
• 어제 무엇을 했었어요? = What did you do yesterday?
• 오늘 무엇을 할거예요? = What are you going to do today?
• Korean: noun + number + counter

  • “pencil + one + counter for pencil”
  • “student + three + counter for people”

  1. counter for pencils is 자루 [ja-ru]

  ***for counting pens, bags containing grains, and also knives

  2. general counter for things, which is 개 [gae].

  연필 한 자루 [yeon-pil han ja-ru] = one pencil

  연필 한 개 [yeon-pil han gae] = one pencil
• Korean: noun + number + counter

  • “pencil + one + counter for pencil”
  • “student + three + counter for people”

  1. counter for pencils is 자루 [ja-ru]

  ***for counting pens, bags containing grains, and also knives

  2. general counter for things, which is 개 [gae].

  3. the counter for cars is 대 [dae]

  4.명 [myeong] is used for counting people.

  연필 한 자루 [yeon-pil han ja-ru] = one pencil

  연필 한 개 [yeon-pil han gae] = one pencil

  
  

  ANOTHER COUNTER:

  병 [byeong] = bottles

  마리 [ma-ri] = animals

  권 [gwon] = books

  장 [jang] = paper, pages, tickets
• 학생 두 명 two students
• 친구 세 명 three students