pgc

• Political Science


  A social science that deals with the systematic study of the state and government
• Bluntschi, a German scholar and political analyst: 'Political science is the science, which is concerned with the state, which endeavors to comprehend the state in its fundamental conditions, in its essential nature, its various forms of manifestations, and its development'
• Dr. Paul Janet, a French scholar: 'Political science is that branch of social science which treats of the foundations of the state and the principles underlying government administration'
• Seeley, an English writer: 'Political science is a discipline that investigates the phenomena of government, as political economy that deals with wealth, biology with life, statistics with numbers, and geometry with space and magnitude'
• Most writers defined political science as the study of state and government
• Polis


  Greek term meaning city
• Polites


  Greek term meaning citizen
• Military power


  Authority to command the army, navy and other military forces of the state and to direct their military operations
• Politikos


  Greek term meaning civic
• Military power


  • The power to declare war belongs to the legislature
  • The Chief Executive as commander-in-chief has supreme command about the conditions of the country
  • Directs all armed forces
  • Suspends the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus
  • Declares martial law
  • Governs temporarily all territories seized from the enemy
  • Empowered to call out the armed forces to prevent or suppress lawless violence, invasion, or rebellion
  • Has the power to create military tribunals to try persons who violate military laws or commit crimes against national security
• Scientia


  Latin term meaning knowledge
• Civilian authority is at all times, supreme over the military
• The Armed Forces of the Philippines is the protector of the people and the state. Its goal is to secure the sovereignty of the State and the integrity of the national territory
• The President, who is a civilian official, shall be the commander-in-chief of all the armed forces of the Philippines
• Separation of Church and State

  The separation of church and state shall be inviolable
• The separation of church and state is not a wall of hostility. The state recognizes the beneficent influence of religion in the enrichment of the nation's life so far as it instills into the mind the purest principle of morality
• The study of political science has for its primary objective, the fundamental knowledge and understanding of the state and of the concepts, themes, principles, and ideals which underline its organizations and activities
• Mass media


  • Newspapers, television, radio, books, magazines, and social media through the internet
  • Part of the opinion-making and communication network
  • Sometimes called the fourth branch of government
  • Can balance the other three branches of government
• The mass media have become the wave of the future as far as communication and information is concerned
• The main concern of political science is the association and interaction of human beings into a political community that is organized under government and law
• Democracy and the media

  • Government by the people is based on every man's right to speak freely, to organize in groups, to question the decisions of the government, and to campaign openly for or against it
  • Only through the free and uncensored expression of opinion can government be kept responsive to the electorate and political power be transferred peacefully
  • Free speech and free press are not absolute rights
  • Government should be allowed to interfere with free speech and free press if it presented an immediate danger to national security
• State


  A community of persons, more or less numerous, permanently occupying a fixed territory, and possessed of an independent government organized for political ends to which the great body of inhabitants render habitual obedience
• Nation


  Used interchangeably with state, e.g, the United Nations, or the family of nations, which actually consists of states and not nations
• The term nation, strictly speaking, as evidence by its etymology (naci, to be born), indicates a relation of birth or origin and implies a common race, usually characterized by community of language and customs
• The state is a legal concept, while the nation is only a racial or ethnic concept
• Government


  The agency or instrumentality through which the will of the state is formulated, expressed, and realized
• The state is the principal, the government its agent
• The state itself is an abstraction; it is the government that externalizes the state and articulates its will
• People


  • The inhabitants of the state, who must be numerous enough to be self-sufficing and to defend themselves and small enough to be easily administered and sustained
  • May develop and share certain characteristics and interest, such as a common language, a common religion, and a common set of customs and traditions that will unite them into the more closely-knit entirely known as the nation
• Territory


  • The fixed portion of the surface of the earth inhabited by the people of the state, which must be neither too big as to be difficult to administer and defend nor too small as to enable to provide for the needs of the population
  • Includes the land mass, inland and external waters, and the air space above the land and waters
• Sovereignty


  The supreme and uncontrollable power inherent in a state by which that state is governed
• Types of sovereignty

  • Legal sovereignty
  • Political sovereignty
• Legal sovereignty


  The authority which has the power to issue final commands
• Political sovereignty


  The power behind the legal sovereign, or the sum of the influences that operate upon it
• Types of sovereignty


  • Internal sovereignty
  • External sovereignty
• Internal sovereignty


  The power of the state to control its domestic affairs
• External sovereignty


  The power of the state to direct its relations with other states, also known as independence
• Sovereignty is permanent, exclusive, comprehensive, absolute, indivisible, inalienable, and imprescriptible
• The Constitution of 1987 is the fourth fundamental law to govern the Philippines since it became independent on July 4, 1946
• The first was the Commonwealth Constitution, adopted in 1935, which continued by its provisions to be operative after the proclamation of the Republic of the Philippines