Muscular system

• Muscular System


  Structures, combining forms and functions
• Major Structures


  • Muscles
• Related Combining Forms


  • muscul/o
  • my/o
  • myos/o
• Primary Functions


  • Make body movement possible, hold body erect, move body fluids, and produce body heat
• Adhesion


  A band of fibrous tissue that holds structures together abnormally. Adhesions can form in muscles or in internal organs, as a result of an injury or surgery.
• Frozen shoulder


  Refers to adhesions forming in the capsule of an injury or surgery
• Structures covered


  • Fascia
  • Tendons
• Functions of fascia, tendons

  • Cover, support, and separate muscles
  • Attach muscles to bones
• Exercise Physiologist


  A specialist who works under the supervision of a physician to develop, implement, and coordinate exercise programs, and administer medical tests to promote physical fitness
• Neurologist


  A physician who specializes in treating the causes of paralysis and similar muscular disorders in which there is a loss of function
• Physiatrist


  A physician who specializes in physical medicine and rehabilitation with the focus on restoring function
• Rehabilitation


  Restoration, following disease, illness, or injury, of the ability to function in a normal or near-normal manner
• Sports Medicine Physician


  Specializes in treating sports-related injuries of the bones, joints, and muscles
• Fasciitis


  Inflammation of a fascia
• Fibromyalgia syndrome


  A debilitating chronic condition characterized by fatigue; diffuse or specific muscle, joint, or bone pain; and a wide range of other symptoms
• Debilitating


  Causing weakness
• Tenosynovitis


  An inflammation of the sheath surrounding a tendon
• Tendinitis


  An inflammation of the tendons caused by excessive or unusual use of the joint
• Tenonitis, tenontitis


  Also mean tendinitis
• Atrophy


  Weakness or wearing away of body tissues and structures. Atrophy of a muscle or muscles can be caused by pathology or by disuse of the muscle over a long period of time
• Myalgia


  Tenderness or pain in the muscles
• Myocele


  The herniation (protrusion) of a muscle substance through a tear in the fascia surrounding it
• Hernia


  The protrusion of a part of a structure through the tissues normally containing it
• Myolysis


  Degeneration of muscle tissue
• Myorrhexis


  The rupture or tearing of a muscle
• Polymyositis


  A muscle disease characterized by the simultaneous inflammation and weakening of voluntary muscles in many parts of the body
• Muscle tone


  The state of balanced muscle tension (contraction and relaxation) that makes normal posture, coordination, and movement possible
• Atonic


  Lacking normal muscle tone or strength
• Dystonia


  A condition of abnormal muscle tone that causes the impairment of voluntary muscle movement
• Hypotonia


  A condition in which there is diminished tone of the skeletal muscles
• Ataxia


  Lack of muscle coordination during voluntary movement
• Ataxia movements are often shaky and unsteady, most frequently caused by abnormal activity in the cerebellum
• Spasm


  Sudden, involuntary contraction of one or more muscles
• Myoclonus


  Sudden, involuntary jerking of a muscle or group of muscles
• Nocturnal Myoclonus


  Jerking of the limbs that can occur normally as a person is falling asleep
• Singultes


  Myoclonus of the diaphragm that causes the characteristic hiccup sound with each spasm
• Myasthenia Gravis (MG)


  A chronic autoimmune disease that affects the neuromuscular function and produces serious weakness of voluntary muscles
• Myasthenia Gravis


  • Muscles that control eye movement, facial expression, chewing, talking, and swallowing are often affected
• Impingement syndrome


  Occurs when inflamed, swollen tendons are caught in the narrow space between the bones within the shoulder joint
• A common sign of impingement syndrome is discomfort when raising your arm above your head