Finals ROTC

• Raid - is conducted by a combat patrol whose mission is to attack a position or installation
• 1. Destroy the position or installation
  2. Destroy or capture troops or equipment
  3. Liberate personnel. Surprise, firepower, and violent action are the keys to raid
  4. Suprise is best achieved by attacking
  5. Fire is concentrated at critical points to suppress the enemy
  6. Violence is best achieved by gaining surprise, by using massed fire, and by attacking aggressively
• Objective Rallying Point (ORP) - as described for a reconnaissance patrol. Once ORp is secured, the leader's reconnaissance is conducted, and plans are confirmed
• • Security Element
  • Support Element
  • Assault Element
• Security Element - the teams of the security element move to positions from which they can secure the ORP, give warning of enemy approach, block avenues of approach into the objective area, prevent enemy escape from the objective area, or perform any combination of these task within their capability
• Security Element - keeps the patrol leader informed of all enemy action
• Support Element - moves into the position prior to the assault element so that it can suppress the objective and shift fire when the assault starts
• Assault Element - deploys close enough to the objective to permit immediate assault if detected by the enemy
• Ambush - is a surprise attack from a concealed deposition on a moving or temporarily halted target.
• Types of Ambush

  1. Point Ambush
  2. Area Ambush
• Point Ambush - is one which troops deploy to attack a single kill zone
• Area Amabush - is one which troops are deployed as multiple related point ambush
• Categories of Ambush

  1. Hasty Ambush
  2. Deliberate Ambush
• Hasty Ambush - is an immediate action drill
• Deliberate Ambush - is planned as specific action against a specific target.
• Terms of Ambush

  • Ambush Site
  • Kill Zone
  • Assault Element
  • Support Element
• Ambush Site - the terrain of which a point ambush is established
• Kill Zone - the part of a n ambush site where fire is concentrated to isolate, trap, and destroy the target
• Assault Element - the part of the patrol that fires into and assaults the kill zone
• Support Element - the part of the patrol that supports the assault element by firing into and around the kill zone
• Fundamentals of a Successful Ambush

  • Surprise
  • Coordinated Fire
  • Control
• Surprise - surprise must be achieved, else the attack is not ambush
• Coordinated Fire - all weapons, including mines and demolition, must be positioned, and all fire, including that of supporting artillery and mortars must be
• Control - close control must be maintained during movement to, occupation of, and withdrawal from the ambush site.
• Control - is most critical at the time of the target's approach
• Ambush Formations

  • Line
  • "L" Formation
  • "Z" Formation
  • "T" Formation
  • "V" Shaped Formation
• Line - the assault and support elements are deployed generally parallel to the target's route of movement (road, tail, streams)
• "L" Formation - the long leg of L (Assault Element) is parallel to the kill zone, This provides flanking fire. The short leg (support element) is at the end of, and at the right angle to the kill zone.
• "Z" Formation - the attack elements are deployed as in the "L" formation, but with on additional side so that the formation resembles the letter "Z" the additional side may serve any of the following purpose:
• "T" Formation - can be used to interdict small groups attempting to high movements across open areas
• "V" Shaped Formation - the attack element is deployed on both sides of the target's route so that it forms a letter "V"
• Amphibious Operation - is an aggressive incursion to hostile territory. It is an attack launched from the sea by the naval and ground forces embarked in ships and which involve landing on a hostile shore
• Amphibious Operation - complex operation that incorporates land, sea, and fire forces into one cohesive assault force and integrates them to highly balan
• Heliborne Operation - may also be conducted to support and amphibious operation
• Purpose of Amphibious Operation

  1. Prosecute further combat operations
  2. Secure site for forward naval or air bases
  3. Decisively deny the enemy of the use of vital areas of facilities
  4. Conduct swift and unexpected incursions into hostile territory or inflict casualties and damage to enemy personnel and material
  5. Gather vital information about the enemy activities and intentions
• PERMA

  1. Planning Phase (P)
  2. Embarkation Phase (E)
  3. Rehearsal Phase (R)
  4. Movement to the objective area (M)
  5. Assault Phase (A)
• Planning Phase (P) - the phase starts from the time of the issuance and the receipt of the initiating directive by the concerned units and extends to the creation of the amphibious Task Force. It also includes planning and revision of plans of all units
• Embarkation Phase (E) - covers the period when the units that consist the landing force with all their equipment and supplies are assembled at the staging areas and are embarked aboard their assigned naval vessels
• Rehearsal Phase (R) - the conduct of rehearsal is necessary in an amphibious operation to determine the adequacy of the plan, the workability of communication equipment and armaments and to insure to familiarity with all the members of the landing force with the over-all plan
• Rehearsals - are usually conducted on a beach