History- MYE Y8

• Concerns about the King

  • Too powerful & believes in Divine Right
  • Rumoured to be secretly a Catholic
  • Doesn't listen to advice
• Concerns about Religion


  • Group of Catholics tried to blow up the Parliament
  • Catholics are getting persecuted & treated like traitors
  • Church Of England becoming too similar to Catholic Church
• Divine Right


  The idea that someone has been chosen by God to be a ruler
• The Gunpowder Plot was planned for November 5 1605
• The Gunpowder Plot


  1. Thomas Percy rented a cellar underneath the House of Lords and hid 36 barrels of gunpowder

  2. Their plan was to light the barrels and run away
• Who was involved in the Gunpowder Plot

  • Robert Catesby (Mastermind)
  • John Wright (Persuader)
  • Thomas Winter (Additional Planner)
  • Thomas Percy (Renter of cellar, royal bodyguard)
  • Francis Tresham (Funded the plot)
  • Guy Fawkes (Explosive Expert)
• The Arrest


  1. In October, Tresham decided to send a letter to his brother in law warning him not to attend the state opening of the Parliament

  2. On the night of November 4, a search of the cellars was commanded under the Parliament building

  3. Guy Fawkes was arrested by the guards and made a full confession after being tortured

  4. Catesby & Percy were shot and two died in the struggle

  5. Special committee was set up to figure out what to do with the plotters- hanged/drawn/quartered
• King Charles I's 4 Problems

  • Punishing Critics
  • Raising Money
  • Dealing With Opposition in Parliament
  • Scottish Churches & The Earl of Strafford
• Punishing Critics


  • Puritans have criticised Charles for marrying a Catholic
  • 1637, 3 puritans were arrested for printing pamphlets criticising changes to the Church of England
  • Brand them with SL (seditious libeller) (dangerous liar) and have their ears cut off
• Raising Money


  • King is short of money
  • Parliament won't let him raise taxes unless he gives more power
  • Resolution: King Charles continues to collect 'Ship Money' without Parliament consent from people throughout England
• Dealing With Opposition in Parliament

  • October 1641, rebellion broke out in Ireland. Charles now needs money to fight Irish
  • Resolution: Arrest the 5 ringleaders by entering the House of Commons with armed soldiers. (Bringing weapons into Parliament is illegal)
• Scottish Churches & The Earl of Strafford


  • Charles forces changes on Scottish church which led to war with Scotland
  • Parliament refused to give money unless Charles hands over Earl of Strafford
  • Resolution: Hand over Strafford, agree to raise taxes
• Propaganda in War


  • Royalists (Nickname: Cavaliers, Personal Political Opinion: Supporters of King Charles)
  • Parliamentarians (Nickname: Roundheads, Personal Political Opinion: Supporters of Parliament in Civil War)
• Purpose of Propaganda


  • Each side wanted to gain as much support
  • To show how bad the other side was
• Examples of Parliamentarian Propaganda

  • Royalists soldiers killing children
  • Royalists soldiers stealing from church
• Contradictions in the English Civil War

  • Royalists (killed 300 parliamentarians, ministers were armed with pistols and swords, royalists showed mercy to prisoners)
  • Parliamentarians (prisoners were stripped and not allowed to have a cup of water, two ministers were shamefully abused, ministers were described as godly)
• Similarities in the English Civil War


  • 2 ministers taken as prisoner
  • 1200 Parliamentarians taken as prisoners
  • Parliamentarian prisoners were injured/wounded
  • 2 royalists killed
  • Royalists won, Parliamentarians lost
• Royalists at the Battle of Naseby


  • 2 leaders: Prince Rupert & King Charles
  • Starting position: Bottom of hill, protected by ridge
  • Infantry: 3300
  • Calvary: 4100
  • Outnumbered
• Parliamentarians at the Battle of Naseby


  • 3 leaders: Fairfax, Cromwell, Ireton
  • Starting position: Top of hill, ridge obscured view of enemy
  • Infantry: 7000
  • Calvary: 6000
• Parliamentarians finally won the war and took Charles prisoner and put him on trial for treason against the nation
• 3 MP Groups on how to punish the King

  • Radical MP's (execute the king)
  • Moderate MP's (remove charles, keep the monarchy)
  • Royalist Sympathisers MP's (reinstate the king)
• Radical MP's (execute the king)


  • Charles escaped from prison in 1647, he might try again
  • Parliament pushed Charles into declaring war in the first place by making unreasonable demands
  • There are still many royalists in england who might try to stir up rebellion and put the king back on the throne
• Moderate MP's (remove charles, keep the monarchy)


  • Charles rules badly, taxing the people heavily and refusing to take advice from Parliament
  • Parliament has been trying to make a deal with Charles to share power fairly
  • Know little about Charles's eldest son although he fought for his father in the early years of Civil War
• Royalists Sympathisers MP's (reinstate the king)


  • Parliament has become power-hungry and won't do any better than the king
  • God will punish those who killed a king who is ruler by divine right
  • According to the law the king is the most powerful judge in England, so it's illegal for Parliamentbto put a king on trial and judge him
• Differences between King Charles II and Oliver Cromwell

  • King Charles ("merrie monarch") (gave a lot of religious freedom, fun and went for a lot of activities, allowed everyone to speak to him as he pleased, chill, likes women, outgoing)
  • Oliver Cromwell ("The Lord Protector") (Banned Christmas and wanted everyone to pray, Must go to church, Not finding one parliament in agreement with him, he shut them down, restored justice according to the law, honest, strict, serious)
• Arguments For and Against the Act of Union

  • In Favour (England has a large army so Scotland will be more secure, Scottish merchants will be able to trade on equal terms with countries in England's empire, Protestant Scottish Lowlanders dislike the Scottish Catholic Highlanders more than they dislike the English)
  • Against (England wants to have only Protestant kings and queens. There is the possibility Scots might choose a Catholic king, Scotland will lose independence because England will be making decisions on Scotland's behalf, Scotland & France were often allies in the past, could be disastrous for England if it happened again, Anglican Church might not accept Scottish Presbyterian Church)
• Evidence on whether Scottish MP's were Bribed

  • Evidence that leans towards yes (Queen Anne gave 20k pounds to the supporters of union with England, Duke of Queensbury received 12k pounds for his support, William Seton (who was against union in 1703) changed his mind after receiving 100 pounds in 1704, Aliens Act was designed to ban import of goods from Scotland to England (would have damaged Scottish trade because they relied on importing goods into England), Scottish had advantages once union happened)
  • Evidence that leans towards no (Some people received money but it would not have affected their vote because some were entitled to receive money from England as part of their job anyway)
• Lord Macartney's Journey to China

  1. 1793, LM visited China to convince Emperor Qianlong to allow British ambassadors and merchants to settle in China and control British business from there

  2. LM took 10 months to reach Beijing

  3. Travelled in his own British Carraige to the palace

  4. LM stopped to admire the great wall of China, then entered the palace where Emperor QL lived

  5. Emperor QL asked him to kowtow(kneeling then lying fully face down on the floor and touching the ground with forehead 3 times) then he would allow his request

  6. LM had a decision to make: should he betray his country and kowtow showing his loyalist to the chinese, or disobey Emperor QL and get his request denied

  7. LM offered a proposal: he would kowtow to a chinese person of his rank if that person kowtowed to a picture of King George

  8. Emperor QL got angry and denied his request and sent him off

  9. The mission failed
• Reasons for Foot Binding in Qing Dynasty China

  • Fashion
  • Obedience as wife
  • Potential as wife
  • Status in society
  • Opposition to invading forces
  • Tradition
• Foot Binding Instructions


  • Age 6
  • Cut toe nails
  • Wash foot in herbs
  • Break 4 smaller toes and push the under the foot
  • Pull foot towards heel forcing foot to break
  • Replace bandages frequently
  • Every two weeks force foot into shoe one tenth of an inch smaller each time
• Corset Wearing (Europe)

  • Leaves woman's body deformed
  • Unable to sit or stand without a corset
  • Impossible to draw deep breath
  • Crushes lower chest and forces ribs to touch each other
  • Forces bowels to sag
• Central Government Command in Qing Dynasty China

  • Board of Civil Appointments (promoted and fired staff in government)
  • Board of Finance (taxes, land ownership and government money)
  • Board of Rites (correct court behaviour of the Civil Examinations that had to be taken by all government officials)
  • Board of War (some of the fighting forces. The emperor himself controlled the rest)
  • Board of Works (government building projects and minting of all costs)
  • Board of Punishment (law & orders)
• 5 Punishments in Qing Dynasty China

  • Beating with light bamboo stick
  • Beating with heavy bamboo stick
  • Penal servitude
  • Exile
  • Penalty of death
• 10 Great Wrongs in Qing Dynasty China

  • Plotting rebellion
  • Plotting to overthrow king
  • Plotting treason
  • Killing close family
  • Dismembering a person or making poison
  • Lack of respect(preparing meals)
  • Cursing parents/grandparents
  • Killing relatives
  • Killing teachers, superior officials
  • Sexual relations with family