B1

• what're cells


  Fundamental units of a living organism
• what're parts of a light microscope

  -lenses

  -stage

  -lamp

  -slides

  -cover slips

  -iodine stains
• how do you work out magnification

  Image size/actual size
• what is a nucleus


  Control center of the cell
• what is a cell membrane


  controls what goes in and out of the cell
• what is the cytoplasm


  the portion of the cell outside the nucleus
• what is the mitochondria


  Powerhouse of the cell
• what is the ribosomes


  Makes proteins
• what is chloroplast


  Site of photosynthesis
• what is the cell wall


  Found on the outside of plant cells, it is made of cellulose and strengthens the cell
• what is the vacuole

  A large water storage component of a plant cell
• what is the plasmid


  small circular piece of DNA
• what is the flagellum

  A flagellum is a whip-like structure that allows a cell to move
• what are strands of DNA


  Double stranded with base pairing
• what is DNA


  double helix structure with sugar phosphate backbone, with different nucleotides containing 4 different bases pairing AT and GC
• what is protein synthesis


  the process of making proteins by using the information present in the DNA
• how does protein synthesis work

  DNA unzips in the nucleus which is copied by MRNA called transcription, as the nucleotide travels through cytoplasm to ribosomes called translocation where TRNA turns bases into amino acids
• what is a codon


  a sequence of three nucleotides that together form a unit of genetic code in a DNA or RNA molecule
• what is the role of enzymes in metabolism

  Decrease the activation energy of chemical reactions
• how do enzymes work

  allow smaller molecules to fit into their specific shaped active site called lock and key
• how does cellular respiration happen

  Cells break down glucose and other molecules from food
• what is cellular respiration

  an exothermic reaction
• what is aerobic respiration


  Respiration with oxygen
• what is anaerobic respiration


  respiration without oxygen
• what is the equation for glucose

  C6H12O6
• how do amino acids break down proteins

  Proteins are broken down into smaller chains of amino acids by hydrochloric acid and enzymes called proteases in the stomach
• what is the importance of fatty acids and glycerol

  there may be 1, 2 or 3 fatty acids combined with glycerol. Fatty acids 1, 2 and 3 may be the same, or different Lipid molecules are too large to pass through the gut wall and must be digested first
• what're photosynthetic organisms


  the main producers of food and therefore biomass for life on Earth
• what is the process of photosynthesis


  green plants and certain other organisms transform light energy into chemical energy. light energy is captured and used to convert water, carbon dioxide, and minerals into oxygen. The process chemically converts carbon dioxide (CO2) and water into food (sugars) and oxygen. The chemical reaction often relies on a pigment called chlorophyll
• what reaction is photosynthesis

  it is an endothermic reaction
• how does temperature effect photosynthesis

  if the temperature is low, the rate of photosynthesis is slowed down as the enzymes are working slower, however if the temperature is too hot the enzymes denature as they have passed their optimum
• how does light intensity effect photosynthesis

  The rate of photosynthesis increases with light intensity
• how does carbon dioxide concentration effect photosynthesis

  the higher the concentration the more photosynthesis