cardiovascular

• aorta carries oxygenated blood away from heart
• pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood from lungs to left hand side of the heart
• right ventricle collects deoxygenated blood from right atriums and pumps to pulmonary valve
• left atrium collects oxygenated blood from pulmonary vein
• pulmonary valve from right ventricle to pumonary artery, has valves to prevent back flow
• right atrium collects deoxygenated blood from vena cava
• left ventricle collects oxygenated blood from left atrium and pumps to aorta
• tricuspid valve allows blood to pass through from the right atrium to the right ventricle closing prevents backflow
• vena cava carried deoxygenated blood from tissues to right hand side of the heart
• bicuspid valve allows blood to pass from left atrium to left ventricle closing prevents backflow
• aortic valve prevents backflow, in between left ventricle and aorta
• heart rate - number of times hear beats per minute
• stroke volume - volume of blood ejected from left ventricle per beat
• cardiac output - volume of blood ejected from left ventricle per minute
• what’s the resting for HR SV Q?

  70, 70, 5
• what’s the submax for HR SV Q

  140, 140, 20
• what’s the max for HR SV Q

  220-age, 120, 40
• heart rate average 60-80
• stroke volume average 50-100
• cardiac output 4-6k
• arteries carry blood away at high pressures, thick smooth muscular wall which allows it to adjust to the blood pressure, a lot of elastin which allows them to stretch and recoil
• red blood cells - transport oxygen
• white blood cells - fights infections
• plasma - transports nutrients and hormones
• platelets - clots the blood
• venous return - return of deoxygenated blood to the right hand side of the heart
• arterioles - provides link between arteries and capillaries, control and direct bloodflow into capillaries as they contain pre-capillary sphincters known as vascular shunting
• capillaries - site of gaseous exchange, one cell thick, small lumen
• venuoles - receives blood from capillaries at low pressures
• veins - carry blood at low pressures towards the heart, thinner tunica media, less pressure
• vascular shunting - redistribution of blood to the skeletal muscles, needed during exercise because theres a higher demand for nutrients and oxygen
• vasoconstriction - restricts the bloodflow to digestive system, pre-capillary sphincters are in the arterioles, they contract to reduce the size of the lumen
• vasodilation - enables blood flow to skeletal muscles, pre-capillary sphincters in the arterioles relax, increasing size of the lumen
• ST increases HR SV Q, the increase in Q is linked to increase in HR SV, linked in exercise
• ST ibcrease blood flow to working muscles
• LT increase the resting and excercising stroke volume of left ventricle
• LT resting heart rate is reduced
• LT resting cardiac output stays same but max cardiac output increases
• LT increase in resting SV, due to cardiac hypertrophy
• warm up , increases HR then venous return, then SV