skeletal

• axial bones - provide protection on vital organs, stability, attachment for muscles
• appendicular bones - provide support and mobility
• axial bones - cranium, ribs, sternum and vertebral column
• support function - provides support for organs, something for them to attachment and suspend to, axial skeleton is the basis for all movement
• shape - gives you shape eg shape of your face and how tall you are
• protection - protects vital organs by absorbing impact used by flat bones
• movement - skeletal system moved by formation of bones and joints and attatchments to muscular system via tendons
• fixed joints allow no movement, they allow us to grow and develop
• cartilaginous joints allow small movement
• synovial bones are freely moveable and theres 6 types
• fixed joint examples cranium and pelvis
• cartilaginous joint examples ribs, vertebrae, sternum
• synovial examples hip, knee, ankle
• blood cell production contains bone marrow where red blood cells and white blood cells are made
• mineral storage iron, calcium and phosphorus are stored in bones, uses for functions such as nerve transmissions, haemoglobin and metabolism
• long bones are longer than it is wide, provides movement, mineral storage, support, blood cell production
• examples of long bones are femur, tibia, humerus, metacarpals, metatarsals
• short bones are as wide as they are long, provides support, fine movement and weight bearing
• short bones examples are carpals and tarsals
• flat bones are flat plates of bone, provides protection. base for all muscular attachments and blood cell production
• flat bone examples are pelvis, sternum, scapula, cranium, ribs
• sesamoid bones are short and irregular embedded in a tendon, provides protection and support
• sesamoid bone examples are the patella
• irregular bone has an odd shape provides movement, protection and support
• irregular bone examples are vertebrae and mandible
• ball and socket examples are hip and shoulder
• ball and socket movements are flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction and rotation
• hinge movements are flexion and extension
• hinge examples are knee and elbow
• condyloid movements are flexion, extension, abduction, adduction and rotation
• condyloid examples are wrist
• pivot movements are rotation
• pivot examples are neck and radio-ulna
• saddle movements are flexion, extension, abduction and adduction
• saddle examples are thumb
• gliding movements are glide
• gliding examples are vertebrae
• articular cartilage is hard and smooth, has a glossy consistency, covers ends where bone meet. prevents friction between bones
• ligaments are very strong and slightly elastic. they hold two ends together ensuring stability whilst allowing movement
• synovial membrane is a layer that lines the synovial joint and produces synovial fluid