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psychology AQA
Paper 1
Psychopathology
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Cards (46)
What is
deviation
from
social norms
?
Abnormality defined as
actions
that
differ
from
social norms
What is a downside of
deviation
from social norms?
Social norms
change dependant on the time and
culture
What is
statistical
infrequency
?
Abnormality is described as things that are
rare
What is a downside of
statistical
infrequency
?
Not all
rare
behavior is
abnormal
What is
failure
to
function
adequality
?
Abnormality is based on how well an individual can carry out their daily life
What is the criteria for failure to function adequality?
Personal distress
,
maladaptive
behavior,
observer
behavior and
unpredictable
behavior
What is
deviation
from
ideal
mental
health
?
Abnormality is based on how well an individual meets a criteria
What is the criteria for deviation from ideal mental health?
Positive
act
towards
self
,
self
actualisation
,
autonomy
,
resistance
to
stress
,
environmental mastery
and
accurate
perception
of
reality
What are some of the
behavioral
characteristics of
depression
?
Insomnia
,
appetite
changes and
social
withdrawal
What are some of the
cognitive
characteristics of
depression
?
Slower
thought
processes
and constant
negative
beliefs
What are some of the
behavioral
characteristics of
phobias
?
Avoiding
feared
stimulus
, etc...
What are some of the
emotional
characteristics of
phobias
?
Anxiety
and
dread
What are some of the
cognitive
characteristics of
phobias
?
Irrational
beliefs of
stimulus
What are some of the
behavioral
characteristics of
OCD
?
Repetitive
behavior and
metal repetitions
What are some of the
emotional
characteristics of
OCD
?
Disgust
,
anxiety
and
embarrassment
What are some of the
cognitive
characteristics of
OCD
?
Intrusive
thoughts,
obsessional
ideas and uncontrollable thoughts
Define the term phobia?
A
mental
disorder that is characterised by
fear
and
anxiety
of a stimulus
Who proposed the
two
process
model
?
Mowrer
What is the
two
process
model
?
Argues that
phobias
are first
learnt
via
association
and then maintained via
reinforcement
What is the
systematic
desensitisation
?
When the patient is gradually exposed to their feared stimulus
What is
flooding
?
When the patient is exposed to their feared stimulus at a
maximum
intensity
What is a disadvantage of
systematic
desensitisation?
It requires patient commitment and is slightly expensive
What is Beck's
negative
triad
?
Depressed people have
negative
views of
themselves
, the
world
and the
future
What does Ellis's ABC stand for?
Activating event
,
beliefs
and
consequence
What does Ellis argue rational beliefs lead to?
adaptive
consequences
What does Ellis argue irrational beliefs lead to?
Maladaptive
consequences
What questionnaire was used to measure irrational beliefs?
The
automatic
thoughts
questionnaire
What did automatic thought questionnaire show?
Depressed patients scored significantly higher than other groups
What is
cognitive
behavioural
therapy?
A
combination
of
cognitive
and
behavioral
therapy
What is the aim of CBT?
To
challenge
irrational
beliefs and
faulty
cognitions
What is an argument for the use of CBT?
In a study pps who used
CBT
had
lower
relapse
rates than those who used
drug
therapy
What is an argument against using just CBT to treat depression?
CBT
is more effective when used in a
combination
with
drug
therapy
What was found from
twin
studies about OCD?
Monozygotic
twins have a
higher
concordance rate then
dizygotic
twins
What statistic supports the genetic argument of OCD?
10%
of people with an
immediate
relative with
OCD
suffered from OCD as well
What is the
COMT
gene in terms of genetic factors of
OCD
?
It is involved with
dopamine production
but this gene in commonly
missing
in OCD patients
What is the
SERT
gene in terms of genetic factors of
OCD
?
It is involved
serotonin
transportation
and can lead to
low
levels of
serotonin
and has been found in families where members have OCD
What is the
biochemical
factor argument for
OCD
?
OCD occurs because of
low
serotonin
levels
How can
SSRI's
affect
OCD
?
They increase levels of serotonin in the brain and reduce symptoms
What is the disadvantage of using
tricyclics
to treat
OCD
?
They have more
severe side effects
than SSRI's
Give an example of a anti-anxiety drug?
Benzodiazepine
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