Chn 2

• The probability that a specific event will occur in a given time frame

  Risk
• Risk Factors


  An exposure that is associated with a disease
• Risk Factors


  • Modifiable
  • Non-Modifiable
• Modifiable Risk Factors


  Aspects of a person's health risk over which he or she has control
• Non-Modifiable Risk Factors


  Aspects of one's health risk over which one has no or little control
• Risk assessment


  A systematic way of distinguishing the risks posed by potentially harmful exposure
• Health promotion


  Any combination of health education and related organizational, economic, and environmental supports for behavior of individuals, groups, or communities conducive to health
• Health promotion


  Behavior that is motivated by the desire to increase well-being and to reach the best possible health potential
• Steps of risk assessment


  1. Hazard identification

  2. Risk description

  3. Exposure assessment

  4. Risk estimation
• Health protection


  Behaviors in which one engages with the specific intent to prevent disease, to detect disease in the early stages, or to maximize health within the constraints of disease
• Risk


  The probability that a specific event will occur in a given time frame
• Risk factor


  An exposure that is associated with a disease
• Risk assessment


  1. Hazard identification

  2. Risk description

  3. Exposure assessment

  4. Risk estimation
• Criteria for establishing a risk factor


  • The frequency of the disease varies by category, or amount of the factor
  • The risk factor must precede the onset of the disease
  • The association of concern must not be due to any source of error
• Types of risk


  • Modifiable risk factors
  • Non-modifiable risk factors
• Modifiable risk factors


  Aspects of health risk over which an individual has some control
• Risk Reduction


  Proactive process in which individuals participate in behaviors that enable them to react to actual or potential threats to their health
• Modifiable risk factors


  • Smoking
  • Sedentary or active lifestyle
  • Type and amount of food eaten
  • Type of activities in which one engages
• Non-modifiable risk factors


  Aspects of risk over which one has little or no control
• Healthful behaviors


  • Maintaining an exercise regimen
  • Following an eating plan
  • Build self-efficacy
  • Build self-esteem
• Risk reduction


  A proactive process in which individuals participate in behaviors that enable them to react to actual or potential threats to their health
• Risk communication


  The process through which the public receives information regarding possible or actual threats to health
• Risk Communication


  The process through which the public receives information regarding possible or actual threats to health
• Diet is one of the most modifiable of risk factors. A healthy diet contributes to the prevention of chronic diseases such as Type 2 DM, hypertension, heart disease, and some cancers
• The problem of being overweight and obese in the country is alarmingly increasing in number, affecting about 7 out of 10 women and about 1 out of 10 in men
• Obesity affecting Filipino adults

  Android or apple-shaped type, where abdominal fat accumulation is measured using waist-to-hip ratio (WHR)
• Diet


  • Most modifiable of risk factor
• Reasons for health promotion and risk reduction


  • Achieve weight management
  • Increased energy
  • Better appearance
  • Fit into favorite clothes
  • Prevent development or worsening of a chronic health condition
  • To manage stress
  • Improve mood and self-esteem
• Sleep


  • Essential component of chronic disease prevention and health promotion
• Sleep needs by age


  • Newborns (1-2 months): 10.5 - 18 hrs
  • Infants (3-11 months): 12 - 14 hrs
  • Toddlers (1-3 yrs): 11 - 13 hrs
  • Preschoolers (3-5 yrs): 10 - 11 hrs
  • School-aged (5-12 yrs): 8.5 - 9.25 hrs
  • Teens (11-17 yrs): 7 - 9 hrs
  • Adults: 7 - 9 hrs
  • Older Adult: 7 - 9 hrs
• A drink


  The amount of any alcoholic beverage that delivers a half ounce (around 15mL) of pure ethanol
• Heavy drinking


  Consuming more than 2 drinks per day on average for men, or more than 1 drink per day on average for women
• Binge drinking


  Drinking 5 or more drinks on a single occasion for men, or 4 or more drinks on a single occasion for women
• Sleep Assessment


  An important nursing function
• Excessive drinking


  Can take the form of heavy drinking, binge drinking, or both
• The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion was organized by WHO, the first International Conference on Health Promotion was held at Ottawa, Canada on November 17-21, 1986
• Ottawa Charter


  Defines health promotion as the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health, which requires that an individual or group must be able to identify and realize aspirations, to satisfy needs, and to change or cope with the environment
• Smoking Cessation


  An important step in achieving optimum health
• Prerequisites for Health


  • Peace
  • Shelter
  • Education
  • Food
  • Income
  • A stable ecosystem
  • Sustainable resources
  • Social justice and equity
• Three Basic Strategies for Health Promotion


  • Build Health Public Policy
  • Create Supportive Environment
  • Strengthen Community Actions
  • Develop Personal Skills
  • Reorient Health Services