Parasitology Passer<3

• or a symbiotic relationship, is defined as the living together or close association of two dissimilar organisms.

  SYMBIOSIS
• the organism that live together in such a relationship.

  SYMBIONTS
• 4 TYPES PF SYMBIOSIS:

  Neutralism

  commensalism

  mutualism

  parasitism
• used to describe a symbiotic relationship in which neither symbiont is affected by the relationship.

  neutralism
• a symbiotic relationship that is beneficial to one symbiont and of no consequence

  commensalism
• a symbiotic relationship that is beneficial to both, symbionts

  mutualism
• a symbiotic relationship that is beneficial to one symbiont and detrimental to the other symbiont.

  parasitism
• HABITAT:

  Endoparasites

  Ectoparasite
• Parasites that live on the outside of the host’s body.

  Ectoparasites
• Parasites that live on the inside of the host’s body.

  Endoparasites
• Infestation Ex. Arthropods such as mites, ticks, and lice.

  Ectoparasite
• infection Ex. Parasitic protozoa and helminths.

  Endoparasites
• Capacity to live outside the host:

  Facultative parasites

  Obligate parasites
• An organism that can be parasitic but does not have to live as a Parasite. It is capable of living an independent life. Ex. Free-living amebic that can cause keratoconjunctivitis and primary amebic meningoencephalitis.

  Facultative parasites
• Has no choice. To survive, it must be a Parasite.

  Obligate parasites
• Parasites Mode of living:

  Permanent parasites

  Intermittent parasites

  Accidental parasites

  Transitory parasites

  Erratic parasites

  spurious parasites
• • That lives from the host, from the young stage until it matures Larval – young stage -They live within the host during there sexual stage Ex. Plasmodium parasites(not hermaphrodite)

  Permanent parasites
• young stage 


  larval
• During feeding stage they enter human host (non photogenic) Ex. Mosquitos

  Intermittent parasites
• They reach unusual Host, a host that not even infected -They can effect another person Ex. Tick and flea

  Accidental parasites
• they travel to a person GIT -they cause illness -Only the larval stage that we can see and once it matures it moved out of the person -Temporary trive(Only the larval stage) Ex. Botfly

  Transitory parasites
• Sudden -unsual Organs Ex. Ascaris Lumbricoides(round worm) - Rare case. Can penetrate git to lungs it reaches our lungs


  Erratic parasites
• Transitory but not cause illness -they just travel the length of git

  spurious parasites
• Have the both female and male organs

  Hermaphrodite
• SOURCE OF NUTRITION FOR PARASITES

  Definitive Host

  Intermediate Host

  Paratenic Host

  Resorvior Host

  Incident Host

  Vector Host
• Defined as the host that harbors the adult or sexual stage of the parasite or the sexual phase of the life cycle.

  Definitive Host
• - The host harbors the larval or asexual stage of the parasite or the asexual phase of the life cycle. Ex. Anopheles mosquito( carriers larval stage) - Parasites life cycles range from simple to complex. There are one-host parasites, two-host parasites, and three-host parasites. Ex. Snail eats the parasite egg and the bird eats the snail that eaten the parasite egg and the cat eat the bird that eaten the bird with parasites turns to final host the repeat cycle

  Intermediate Host
• -They just Carrie the parasites to its final host -they are not harmed carrying the parasites -there is no farther development inside

  Paratenic Host
• Where parasites thrive and they mature - doesn’t show/elucidate any signs or symptoms despite the parasites thriving inside the host Ex. Toxoplasma gondii( thrive at cats)


  Resorvior Host
• Where a certain parasites found - they show usually signs and symptoms Ex. Flea, Toxoplasma gondii( thrive at cats)


  Incidental Host
• These are insects can be fly, mosquito, and bugs

  Vector Host
• 2 types of Vector

  Biological Vectors

  Mechanical Vectors
• There are development stages inside the vector Ex. Anopheles mosquitos

  Biological Vectors
• there are no developmental stages inside the vector - They just transport the parasites to the final host

  Mechanical Host
• – they Carry illness malaria


  Female anopheles mosquitos
• Sand flies


  phlebotomus papatasi
• – they Carry Visceral leishmaniasis / Kala-azar


  Sand flies
• -Causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis 


  Leishmania
• leishmania can cause

  visceral leishmaniasis
• -Causative agent of triponosomiasis 


  trypanosoma