Chem feb/march 2024

• Carbon


  Substance which provides the carbon for the combustion reaction in the blast furnace
• Purpose of carbon combustion in blast furnace

  To extract iron from iron(III) oxide
• Conversion of iron(III) oxide to iron in blast furnace

  1. Iron(III) oxide reacts with carbon monoxide

  2. Iron is produced
• Percentage by mass of iron in iron(III) oxide, Fe2O3
• Formation of carbon monoxide in blast furnace

  Carbon reacts with oxygen to form carbon monoxide
• SiO2


  Silicon dioxide
• Anode is positive
• Cathode is negative
• Oxidation at the anode
• reduction at the cathode
• synthesis: A + B = AB
• decomposition: AB = A + B
• double displacement: HCL + NaOH = NaCl + H20
• Combustion: hydrocarbon + oxygen = carbon dioxide + water
• incomplete combustion gives carbon monoxide
• Activation energy is the minimum energy required for a reaction to take place
• catalyst speeds up the rate of reaction without being changed
• Brass = copper + zinc
• Bronze = copper + tin
• endothermic reaction takes in heat
• exothermic gives out heat
• an isomer is a molecule with the same molecular formula but a different structural formula
• Acids are proton donors and bases are proton acceptors.
• strong acids are between ph 1-3
• weak acids are between ph 3-6
• neutral is ph 7
• weak alkali is between ph 8-11
• strong alkali is between ph 11-14
• amphoteric elements are elements that can act as both acids and bases
• amphoteric elements are Zinc and Aluminum
• An alkali is a base dissolved in solution
• Group 1 alkali metals
• group 2 alkali earth metals
• group 3 metals except boron
• group 4-8 non metals
• group 6 chalchogens
• group 7 halogens
• group 8 noble gases
• mercury is the only liquid metal
• bromine is the only liquid non metal