Combustion P1 to P3 Terms

• Thermodynamics can be defined as the science of energy. It is a branch of physical science that treats various phenomena of energy and the related properties of matter, especially the laws of transformation of heat into other forms of energy and vice versa. The word "thermodynamics" was derived from the Greek words thermé (heat) and dynamics (force).
• Closed System – is a system in which there is no transfer of matter across the boundary.
• The first law of thermodynamics states that energy cannot be created or destroyed; it only changes form.
• Open System – is a system in which there is a flow of matter through the boundary
• Isolated System – is a system in which neither mass nor energy cross the boundaries and it is not influenced by the surroundings.
• First Law of Thermodynamics “Energy cannot be created nor destroyed; it can only be transformed from one form to another.”
• Adiabatic Process - is an isolated process during which no heat enters or leaves the system.
• Second Law of Thermodynamics - “In any process, some amount of energy will always be lost due to friction, heat loss, etc., so that the total efficiency of all processes is less than 100%”
• Third Law of Thermodynamics - “It is impossible to reach absolute zero temperature at which point all molecular motion ceases”
• Second Law of Thermodynamics - Energy flows spontaneously from hotter objects to colder ones until they reach thermal equilibrium at the same temperature.
• Heat Capacity - The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of an object by one degree Celsius.
• Entropy - A measure of disorderliness of a substance or system.
• Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics “When any two bodies are in thermal equilibrium with the third body, they are in thermal equilibrium with each other
• Process is the manner of changing the condition or state of the substance or system
• Cycle is the series of two or more processes in which the final condition after the execution of the processes is the same as the initial condition.
• German engineer Nicolaus Otto the first person to build a working four-stroke engine
• Rudolf Christian Karl Diesel who invented the Diesel Engine
• Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot is often described as the “Father of Thermodynamics.