Ethics test studying

• Ethics


  A system of moral principles that affect how people make decisions and lead their lives. Ethics is concerned with what is good for individuals and society.
• Morality


  The set of standards that enable people to live cooperatively in groups. It's what societies determine to be "right" and "acceptable".
• Most people tend to act morally and follow societal guidelines. Morality often requires that people sacrifice their own short-term interests for the benefit of society.
• Virtue

  Leads to good actions that are optimal given the situation, done from the right motives in the right situation, and are stable and reliable in the longer term.
• Vice


  Leads to seemingly good actions that are inappropriate given the situation, done for the wrong motives and in the wrong situation, and are stable and reliable over the long term.
• Cardinal virtues


  • Bravery
  • Justice
  • Self-control (moderation)
  • Wisdom
• Theological virtues


  • Faith
  • Hope
  • Love
  • Joy
• Other virtues


  • Determination
  • Cleanliness
  • Diligence
  • Honesty
  • Modesty
  • Helpfulness
  • Orderliness
  • Punctuality
  • Responsibility
  • Gratitude
• Opposite vices


  • Pride
  • Envy
  • Anger
  • Laziness
  • Greed
  • Overeating
  • Lust
• Good life


  Elements include: Truth, Connection/love/harmony, Autonomy/freedom/effectiveness, Fairness/responsibility, Pleasure/satisfaction of needs, Knowledge/variation/challenges, Dignity/self-acceptance, Purpose and meaning of life.
• Happiness


  The state of feeling or showing pleasure or contentment. Includes pleasure, immersion, and meaningfulness.
• Deontology


  An ethical approach centered on rules and professional duties, where the intent behind chosen actions holds more importance than the consequences.
• Deontology does not focus on the consequences of individual actions, and personal emotions behind actions also do not matter within Kantian deontology.</b>
• Deontology proponents judge actions based on what most people consider to be morally correct, regardless of actual consequences.
• Cognitive biases


  Confirmation bias, Simplicity bias, Coherence bias, Excessive confidence and self-confidence, Contrast effect, Actor-observer effect, Blind spot bias, Groupthink.
• Most people are not capable of critical thinking, not particularly compassionate, would be willing to seriously harm a fellow human being under favorable circumstances, lie very often, and are sometimes capable of compassion.
• The following is true for most of us: in some situations we behave ideally, while in others we behave immorally.
• Biases cannot be completely eliminated, but their harmful effects can be reduced. Mere awareness of bias does not change human behavior.
• Humility


  A realistic self-image, the ability to admit one's mistakes and weaknesses, the ability to receive feedback, lack of interest in "self", and interest in other perspectives.
• How to become humble: Appropriate feedback on both strengths and weaknesses given in an atmosphere of appreciation and respect, experiences of the "sublime", an education that underlines the limitations of human perspective, and experiences of failure.