Philosophy Islam

• 5 pillars: Sawm, Shahadah, Salah, Zakat, Hajj


  Fasting, DoF, Praying, Charity, Pilgrimage (Believed in by all sects)
• 6 articles of faith: Oneness of God, Belief in angels, Belief in holy books, Belief in prophets, Judgement day, Predestination 


  Believed in by Sunnis (NOT SHIAS!) Also called the 'Iman'
• 5 roots: Oneness of God, Divine Justice, Prophethood, Imamate, Day of Judgement 


  Believed in by Shias (NOT SUNNIS!) Also called the 'Usul-Ad-Din'
• Salah - Five daily prayers at specific times
• Shahada - Declaration that there is no god but Allah and Muhammad is his messenger
• Sawm - Fasting during Ramadan
• Khalifa 

  Humans as stewards of the earth and carers of the environment. Khalifa also means Caliphs, leaders who came after Muhammad. 
• Lesser Jihad 

  The struggle against opponents of Islam, which can be by peaceful or sometimes non-peaceful action, under certain conditions. 
• Reversion 


  According to Islam, all people are born as Muslims. When adults of other or non-religious background choose Islam, they are said to revert to being Muslim. 
• Greater Jihad 


  the struggle to purify one's heart, do good, avoid evil and make oneself a better person.
• Prostration


  The act of bowing during prayer
• The times of prayer

  • Fajr (prayed at dawn)
  • Dhuhr (prayed at midday)
  • Asr (prayed in the afternoon)
  • Maghrib (prayed at sunset)
  • Isha (prayed at night)
• Eid al-Fitr


  (Small eid) falls on the first day of Shawwal in the Islamic calendar. Eid al-Fitr begins at sunset on the night of the first sighting of the crescent moon. The night on which the moon is sighted is celebrated as Chand Raat. The fasting eid. Wake up, pray fajr, eat suhoor, when sun is set, eat iftar and maghrib
• Eid al-Adha


  (Big eid) Festival of sacrifice. Honours the willingness of Abraham to sacrifice his son as an act of obedience to God's command. (The son being Ismael). To celebrate you sacrifice an animal (usually lamb) like what Allah gave to Abraham to sacrifice instead of his son. Happens at the end of Hajj
• Adam:


  First human being, first prophet, also khalifah. Given freewill and a conscience. Was bowed to by angels but not Iblis because he thought he was better than Adam because he was made of fire not clay. All humans come from him and his wife Hawwa
• Ibrahim:


  Father of arab people, Refused to be polythiestic and was very devoted. The reason why Eid-ul-adha exists. Rebuilt the kaaba with ismail after the 'great flood' (NOAH IN THE BIBLE!). Father of isma'il and isaac.
• The kaaba:


  Originally polythiestic place of worship until Ibrahim told people that this is wrong
• Musa:


  Taught that there is one god during a time of polytheism. The only prophet that allah spoke to directly. Aka 'Moses'
• Isa:


  Jesus in christianity. Born miraculously from mary (maryam). Believed to return to earth before the day of judgement- Will come and break the cross to show christians that they shouldn't be christian and they're following the wrong religion
• Muhammad:

  The final prophet in Islam, known as the ‘Seal of the Prophets’. The Qur’an is formed from the revelations Muhammad received from God through the Angel Jibril. Not divine. "Muhammad is no more than a messenger (Surah 3:144)"
• The Quran: 


  Was revealed to Muhammad as God’s truth. If any other holy books recognised by Islam says something contradictory to the Quran, the Quran is correct. The other holy book isn't. Usually only seen in arabic and recited in arabic so things can't get lost in translation.
• The Tawrat


  Aka the Torah. The holy book revealed directly by God to the Prophet Musa.
• The Injil: 


  Aka Gospels. Muslims believe that the meaning of this book has been altered by people over time, like all of the holy books prior to the Qur’an. Rather than teaching that Isa was the son of God, as in Christianity, Muslims believe that the Injil reveals the coming of the Prophet Muhammad.
• The Hadith:


  Written down life of Muhammad.
• Principles of Angels:

  • They are made from light.
  • They have no free will.
  • They tell Allah about the behaviour of humans.
  • They are limitless.
  • They are invisible. However, they may reveal themselves to humans on special occasions. An example is when the Angel Jibril revealed himself to Prophet Muhammad.
• Angel Jibril: 


  The bringer of good news. Angel Jibril revealed Allah’s words in the form of the Qur’an to Muhammad on the Night of Power. 
• Angel Mika'il


  Guards places of worship. Rewards good deeds. Asks Allah to forgive people of their sins. Will be present on the day of judgement
• Angel Izra'il

  Angel of death
• Angel Israfil:

  Will be present on the day of judgement. Will blow a trumpet to announce day of judgement.
• Angels Munkar and Nakir:


  angels responsible for questioning the soul of a person who has died.
• Book of life:


  Written down by Raqib and Atid. Called the "Kiraman Katibin" (Honourable scribes) One sits on your left shoulder writing your bad deeds. The other sits on your right and writes your good deeds. On the day of judgement, each person will be confronted with this record.
• 10 obligatory acts (Shi'as)


  Salah, Nahil Anril Munkar, Amr bil maroof, khums, zakat, tabarra, tawalla, hajj, sawm, jihad

  (Praying, discouraging bad actions, encouraging good actions, 20% tax given to Shia leaders, giving to charity, disassociation with bad people, association with good people, pilgrimage to Mecca, fasting, striving for Allah)
• Jannah: 


  Heaven. Can be entered via certain gates if you've done certain things. Ie: Pilgrimage, giving to charity, being godfearing.

  "Those who had believed and done righteous deeds, they will be in a garden"
• Jahannam: 


  Hell. Place of suffering and eternal pain. For bad believers: god will take you out when he thinks you've learnt your lesson and you'll go to heaven. For nonbelievers: you'll be there for eternity.  😀
• All about Hajj


  Exempt from going if you're really sick. Must be in a state of Ihram before starting their pilgrimage. You must: preform wudu, men will wear a robe called an Ihram, have no sex, and preform the talbiyah prayer
• 1st stage of Hajj: Mecca

  • Prayer of intent: Niyyah
  • Start pilgrimage at the holy mosque
  • Visit the Kaaba like what Muhammad did
  • Tawaf: circling the kaaba seven times anti clockwise. You must recite a verse from the Qur'an as you do this. Shows unity and devotion
  • Then you go to the station of Ibrahim to pray
• 2nd stage of Hajj: Sa'y

  (Aka the running)

  • The running between the mountains of As-safa and Al-marwa
  • Run between them seven times to imitate Hagars search for water. (The wife of Ibrahim and the mother of Ismail)
  • Could only find water when Ismail dug his foot into the ground and a spring of water came up. Known as the "well of zamzam"
• 3rd stage of Hajj: Arafat

  • After dawn prayer Muslims travel to the mount of mercy at the plain of Arafat
  • Pilgrims must be there to pray from midday to dusk on the 9th of Dhul-Hijjah
  • Face towards the Kaaba like what Muhammad did
  • One of the most important rituals during hajj
  • Then move on to Muzdalifah where they complete the sunset and night prayer
• 4th stage of Hajj: Mina

  • Where the "stoning of Iblis" takes place.
  • Three pillars represent Iblis and pilgrims throw seven stones at each pillar over three days
  • Recalls the time when god told Ibrahim to sacrifice his son Ismail. Iblis told him not to do it 3 times but they both resist Iblis' temptation.
  • Pilgrims imitate this to show their rejection of Iblis and obedience of God
  • When pilgrims preform Eid Ul Adha: ⅓ is given to pilgrims who can't afford to sacrifice an animal themselves
• Barzakh:


  Aka the time between someone's death and the day of judgement. People have different beliefs on what happens during this time:

  1, it depends on if you've led a good life or not.

  2, the soul is given a temporary body. If you've had a good life, it'll be light and if you've been bad it'll be dark. You'll know your final judgement because of this body.