SCIENCE TOPIC

• Circulatory system
• Blood pressure is the force exerted by blood against the walls of arteries as it flows through them.
• High blood pressure (hypertension) can lead to heart disease, stroke, kidney damage, and other health problems.
• The circulatory system is the network of blood vessels that carries oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products throughout the body.
• Arteries - carry oxygenated blood away from the heart
• Factors such as age, exercise level, stress, medications, and underlying medical conditions can affect heart rate.
• Heart - pumps blood throughout the body
• A healthy adult heart typically beats between 60-100 times per minute at rest.
• Heart - pumps blood throughout the body
• The circulatory system consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood.
• Heart rate refers to the number of times your heart beats per minute.
• The circulatory system consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood.
• Capillaries - tiny blood vessels where exchange between tissues and blood occurs
• Capillaries - tiny blood vessels where exchange between blood and tissues occurs
• Veins - return deoxygenated blood back to the heart
• Capillaries - tiny blood vessels where exchange of materials occurs with tissues
• Blood pressure is the force exerted by blood against the walls of arteries.
• Veins - return deoxygenated blood to the heart
• High blood pressure or hypertension increases the risk of CVD.
• Blood pressure is the force exerted by blood against the walls of blood vessels as it flows through them.
• Cardiovascular diseases are disorders affecting the heart or blood vessels, including coronary heart disease, heart failure, arrhythmias, valvular heart disease, congenital heart defects, peripheral vascular disease, and venous thromboembolism.
• Capillaries - tiny blood vessels where exchange of substances occurs with tissues
• High blood pressure (hypertension) can increase the risk of heart disease, stroke, kidney damage, and other health problems.
• Blood pressure refers to the force exerted by blood against the walls of arteries when it flows through them.
• Coronary Heart Disease (CHD): A type of cardiovascular disease caused by narrowing or blockage of the coronary arteries due to plaque buildup, leading to reduced blood flow to the heart muscle.
• Hypertension is defined as having an average systolic reading above 140 mmHg or an average diastolic reading above 90 mmHg on multiple occasions over time.
• Hypertensive crisis is a rare but serious complication that requires immediate medical attention.
• A healthy adult has a resting blood pressure below 120/80 mmHg.
• The two main components of blood pressure are systolic pressure (the highest point during contraction of the heart) and diastolic pressure (the lowest point between contractions).
• Heart failure: When the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body's needs, causing symptoms such as shortness of breath, fatigue, swelling, and weight gain.
• The two main types of high blood pressure include primary hypertension (essential hypertension), which has no identifiable cause, and secondary hypertension, which results from an underlying medical condition such as kidney disease or hormonal imbalances.
• Arrhythmia refers to an irregularity in the rhythm of the heartbeat, which can be harmless but may also indicate underlying cardiac problems.
• Coronary artery disease (CAD): A condition where plaque builds up inside the coronary arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle, reducing blood flow and increasing the risk of heart attack.
• The circulatory system consists of the heart, blood vessels (arteries, veins, and capillaries), and blood.
• Valvular Heart Disease: Disorders involving the heart valves, such as stenosis (narrowing), regurgitation (leaking), prolapse (bulging back into the chamber), or endocarditis (infection).
• Treatment options for hypertension include medication, lifestyle modifications, and monitoring blood pressure regularly.
• Factors such as stress, exercise, diet, smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity, genetics, and certain medications can affect blood pressure levels.
• Symptoms of high blood pressure include headaches, dizziness, fatigue, shortness of breath, chest pain, vision changes, and difficulty concentrating.
• Arrhythmia: An irregular heartbeat that may be harmless but could also indicate serious heart issues like atrial fibrillation, which increases the risk of stroke.
• The normal range for blood pressure varies based on age, gender, physical activity level, and overall health status.