DNE: Lecture 22

• Difficulties that children with ASD might encounter in different situations

  • Presenting problems (e.g. shouting, fidget, refuse to enter, self-injury, aggression)
  • Possible causes (e.g. afraid of a stranger, cannot maintain sitting position, afraid of sound, dislike sensation)
• Brainstorming difficulties for children with ASD


  1. Suggest 3 situations

  2. Think of presenting behavioral/emotional problems

  3. Analyze the possible causes
• Social Stories


  A Social Story describes a situation, skill, or concept in terms of relevant social cues, perspectives, and common responses in a specifically defined style and format
• How to write a social story

  1. Identify a specific social situation

  2. Have a clear theme

  3. Teach procedures or routines

  4. Guide the related steps and techniques

  5. Include "When", "Where", "What", "Who", and "How to do"

  6. Explain the social meaning of related activity

  7. Written in the first person, from the perspective of the child

  8. Write based on the child's ability to understand

  9. Use text, pictures, videos, computers, etc. according to the child's needs and interests

  10. Use positive and simple wordings

  11. Mainly composed of four types of sentences

  12. Different categories of sentences are written in a certain proportion
• Descriptive Sentences


  State the facts
• Perspective Sentences


  Refer to or describe an individual's knowledge, thoughts, feelings, beliefs, opinions and motivations
• Directive Sentences


  Provide direct instruction to the child on what he/she can do
• Affirmative Sentences


  Can be used for reassuring the child
• Cooperative Sentences


  Indicate a person who can help the child in a situation and what the person will do to help
• Control Sentences


  These sentences are suggested by the child to identify personal strategies which show related social story information
• Partial Sentences


  The child is encouraged to complete a given statement from their perspectives
• How to carry out the social story training

  1. When (recess time, before/after school, individual training, parent-child interaction, before bedtime)

  2. Where (select a quiet place without distraction to read)

  3. Frequency (according to the nature of problem)

  4. How (read along, read aloud, comprehension test, role-play, practice)

  5. Duration (might need to train for few months before progress could be noticed)