DNE: Lecture 23

• Common behaviors that you do not want children to do in school daily routine


  • Leave the seat without permission
  • Running in the corridor
  • Consistently Chatting with classmates during lessons
  • Suck fingers
  • Jump the queue
  • Fighting/hitting others (aggression)
  • Crying without obvious reasons
  • Not paying attention to teachers
• Behavioral Problems

  • Looking around
  • Sucking / biting fingers
  • Shouting to peers
  • Crying loudly
  • Grabbing toys
  • Running in the classroom
• ABA


  1. Breaking down skills into component parts

  2. Through repetition, reinforcement, and encouragement, helping an individual to learn
• ABA is effective to analysing challenging and difficult behaviours
• Challenging behaviors


  • Any behavior that interferes with children's learning, development and success
  • Is harmful to the child, other children, or adults
  • Puts a child at high risk for later social problems or school failure
• Prioritizing to work on the behavior that is

  • Potentially dangerous
  • Most disruptive
  • Persisted for long time
• Types of challenging behavior

  • Non-compliance
  • Tantrum
  • Social
  • Interferes with learning
  • Injury to self or others
• Forms of the challenging behavior

  • Not following teacher's instruction / Not responding to question
  • Crying / Screaming / Shouting / Whining / Lying on floor
  • Have problem sharing toys or materials / Primarily plays alone / Doesn't respond to peer's invitation to play / Doesn't participate into group activities
  • Wanders off / Chatting with friends during work time / Fidgeting / Spinning objects
  • Hitting / Pinching / Biting / Kicking / Rocking chair / Throwing objects / Bumping to others / Pushing
• 4 main functions of challenging behavior

  • Automatic
  • Attention
  • Tangible
  • Escape
• ABC model


  A behavior-modification strategy that can be used for evaluating challenging or difficult behaviors
• ABC model

  1. Summarize the sequence and patterns of events around the challenging behavior

  2. Identify the function of challenging behavior

  3. Identify how a behavior is maintained, reinforced or discouraged
• Antecedent


  An event that sets the occasion for a behavior, or what happened right before a behavior occurs
• Behavior


  Anything that someone does, described in observable and measurable terms
• Consequence


  Anything that immediately follows as the result of a behavior, can increase, decrease or have no effect on the likelihood of a behavior happening again