STS

• Knowledge areas in computing

  • Computer science
  • Information technology
  • Information system
• Computer science


  The study of computers and how they work, including software, hardware, and algorithms
• Algorithm


  A list of instructions for completing a task
• Information technology (IT)


  The use of any computers, storage, networking and other physical devices, infrastructure and processes to create, process, store, secure and exchange all forms of electronic data
• Information systems (IS)


  Concerned with the information that computer systems can provide to aid a company or organization in defining and achieving its goals. It is also concerned with the processes that an enterprise can implement and improve using information technology
• The computer industry in 2000 - software developments

  • Operating systems (evolution of Windows and Mac OS)
  • Internet browsers (dominance of Internet Explorer, emergence of Mozilla Firefox)
  • Office productivity suites (Microsoft Office dominance)
• The computer industry in 2000 - internet and connectivity

  • Broadband adoption (widespread)
  • E-commerce growth (increased online shopping and transactions)
  • Search engines (Google becomes dominant)
• The computer industry in 2000 - mobile computing


  • Laptops and notebooks (growing popularity)
  • PDA (rise in use)
  • Mobile phones (basic evolve into more advanced)
• The computer industry in 2000 - business computing

  • Enterprise resource planning (ERP) (adoption)
  • Customer relationship management (CRM) (increased focus)
  • E-business solutions (integration of technology into business processes)
• Emergence of dot-com companies (late 1990s - early 2000s): Rise and fall of numerous dot-com companies, impacting stock markets due to dot-com crash
• The computer industry in 2000 - other developments


  • Cybersecurity issues (growing concerns about cyber threats)
  • Virus attacks (increase)
  • Digital divide (disparities in access to technology)
  • Social media (emergence and growth)
  • Outsourcing (growth)
  • Global competition (increased)
  • E-learning (expansion)
  • Certification programs (rise in demand)
• Current state of the computer industry

  • Continued emphasis on remote work solutions
  • Advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML)
  • Cybersecurity and privacy measures
  • Edge computing implementation
  • 5G technology rollout
  • Cloud computing dominance
  • Quantum computing exploration
  • Sustainable and green computing initiatives
  • Human augmentation technologies
  • Internet of Things (IoT) integration
  • Low-code/no-code development tools
  • Evolving consumer technologies
• Careers in the computer industry

  • Software development
  • Hardware and infrastructure
  • Data and analytics
  • Cybersecurity
  • Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML)
  • Web development and design
  • Project management
  • DevOps
  • Quality assurance (QA)
  • IT support
  • Technical writing
  • Education and training
• List of certifications


  • Software development and programming
  • Cybersecurity
  • Cloud computing
  • Data and database management
  • Networking
  • Project management
  • IT support and help desk
  • AI and machine learning
  • Blockchain
• Blockchain Technology


  Types of Blockchain Technology
• Types of Blockchain Technology

  • Public Blockchains
  • Private Blockchains
  • Consortium Blockchains
• Public Blockchains


  Open to the public, operate on a decentralized network
• Private Blockchains


  • Hyperledger Fabric
  • Corda
  • Quorum
• Private Blockchains


  Designed for business and enterprise use, allow for permissioned networks
• Consortium Blockchains


  Middle ground between public and private, shared among a group of organizations
• Uses of Blockchain Technology

  • Cryptocurrency
  • Smart Contracts
  • Supply Chain Management
  • Identity Management
  • Voting System
  • Healthcare Data Management
  • Cross-Border Payment
  • Intellectual Property
• Cloud Computing


  Delivery of computing services, including storage, processing power, and software applications, over the internet
• Types of Cloud Computing

  • Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
  • Platform as a Service (PaaS)
  • Software as a Service (SaaS)
• Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

  Provides virtualized computing resources over the internet, cloud provider manages IT infrastructures
• Platform as a Service (PaaS)

  Provides customers a complete cloud platform for developing, running, and managing applications
• Software as a Service (SaaS)

  Application software hosted on the cloud and used over an internet connection
• Uses of Cloud Computing

  • File storage
  • Big Data Analytics
  • Data backups and archiving
  • Disaster recovery
  • Software testing and development
  • Infrastructure as a service (IaaS) and Platform as a service (PaaS)
  • Communication
  • Social Networking
• Virtual Reality


  Computer-generated simulation of a three-dimensional environment that can be interacted with in a seemingly real or physical way
• Types of Virtual Reality

  • Non-Immersive Virtual Reality
  • Semi-Immersive Virtual Reality
  • Fully Immersive Virtual Reality
• Non-Immersive Virtual Reality


  Provides a computer-generated environment, but allows the user to stay aware of and keep control of their physical environment
• Semi-Immersive Virtual Reality


  Provides users with a partially virtual environment, allowing them to remain connected to their physical surroundings
• Fully Immersive Virtual Reality

  Gives users the most realistic simulation experience, complete with sight and sound, using VR headsets
• Uses of Virtual Reality

  • Gaming
  • Education & Training
  • Healthcare
  • Real Estate
  • Architecture & Design
  • Corporate Training
  • Entertainment & Media
  • Tourism
  • Simulation for Dangerous Events
• The Internet of Things (IoT) is a collective network of connected devices and the technology that facilitates communication between devices and the cloud, as well as between the devices themselves
• Examples & Uses of IoT

  • Smart Thermostats
  • Connected Fitness Trackers
  • Industrial Sensors for Predictive Maintenance
  • Smart Refrigerators
  • GPS-Enabled Pet Trackers
  • Smart Home Security Systems
  • Connected Car Systems
  • Smart Agriculture Sensors
  • Wearable Health Monitors
  • Smart Lighting Systems
• Recent trends in computing include advancements in artificial intelligence and machine learning, the proliferation of 5G technology, the emergence of quantum computing, growing applications of blockchain, a focus on cybersecurity innovations, and the continued evolution of cloud computing, augmented reality, and virtual reality, with an increasing emphasis on sustainability and human augmentation technologies
• Greek, Persian, Indian, and Roman works were translated into Arabic, preserving and disseminating knowledge
• The intellectual achievements during the Islamic Golden Age had a lasting impact on the Middle East and beyond
• They laid the groundwork for future developments in science, philosophy, and medicine, influencing later Renaissance thinkers in Europe
• The contributions of this era are a testament to the Middle East's rich intellectual history and its role in shaping the broader course of human civilization