biology

• Nutrition


  Nutrients help living organisms develop their bodies, grow, heal damaged body parts and give energy for life and activity
• Modes of Nutrition


  • Autotrophic Nutrition
  • Heterotrophic Nutrition
• Autotrophic Nutrition


  Can produce their own food
• Heterotrophic Nutrition


  Cannot produce their own food
• Digestion


  The mechanical and chemical processes by which complex food substances are broken down into simpler substances
• Parts of the Digestive System

  • Mouth
  • Esophagus
  • Stomach
  • Liver
  • Pancreas
  • Gall bladder
  • Small Intestine
  • Large Intestine
  • Anus
• Mouth


  Produces saliva where mechanical mastication of food takes place to form bolus
• Esophagus


  A muscular tube that conducts peristalsis and serves a passage way for food
• Stomach


  A muscular sac that contains gastric juices that helps to break down the food chemically
• Liver


  Produces the bile that helps in the digestion of fats
• Gall bladder


  Helps in the storage of bile and discharging it form the cystic duct
• Pancreas


  Releases pancreatic juices and enzymes which helps in the digestion of protein and starch
• Small Intestine


  A tube that contains villi which absorbs the nutrients and water coming from the food
• Large Intestine


  A tube that absorbs water and salt form the material that has not been digested as food, and gets rid of any waste products
• Anus


  Is an opening that eliminates feces inside the body
• Digestive Processes


  • Ingestion
  • Digestion
  • Absorption
  • Elimination
• Ingestion


  Taking in of food into smaller pieces
• Digestion


  Breaking down of food into smaller pieces
• Absorption


  Movement of nutrients, water and electrolytes from the small intestines into the cell, then into the blood
• Elimination


  Undigested material passes out of the system
• Feeding Mechanism of Animals

  • Substrate-feeders
  • Filter-feeders
  • Fluid-feeders
  • Bulk-feeders
• Substrate-feeders


  Animals live on the source of their food and eat through it
• Filter-feeders


  Aquatic animals strain the food particles form the water
• Fluid-feeders


  Animals suck fluids containing nutrients from other animals
• Bulk-feeders


  Animals break down and swallow large amount of food
• Animal Nutrition


  • Essential Nutrients
  • Carbohydrates
  • Fats
  • Proteins
  • Amino Acids
  • Fatty Acids
  • Vitamins
  • Minerals
• Photosynthesis


  The process by which light energy is converted to chemical energy in order for the plant to make their own food
• Plant Parts Involved in Photosynthesis

  • Roots
  • Chloroplast
  • Leaves
• Roots


  It absorbs and transports water and nutrients from the soil to the rest of the plant
• Chloroplast


  Contains chlorophyll that traps sunlight
• Leaves


  The part of the plants where photosynthesis takes place
• Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide


  Happens inside the stomata
• Feeding mechanism of Carnivorous Plant

  • Trapping Mechanism
  • Pitcher Plant
  • Venus Flytrap
  • Cobra Lily
  • Yellow Pitcher Plant
  • Sundew
  • Monkey Cup
• Trapping Mechanism


  Insect-eating plants capture and digest their prey through pitfalls and traps
• Pitcher Plant


  Gives sweet odor to make their prey fall into the pitcher
• Venus Flytrap


  Closes down and traps their prey when touched
• Cobra Lily


  Confuses their prey when they enter its translucent window in the leaf
• Yellow Pitcher Plant


  Collects rainwater to attract their prey
• Sundew


  Traps its prey using its sticky substance found in their leaves
• Monkey Cup


  Traps and feed on their prey inside the cups