Innate-the one that we are born with & our first response (e.g. phagocytes, complement, etc.)
Adaptive/acquired-changes throughout life (e.g. T cells, B cells, etc.)
central role of the immune system is to protect against microbial pathogens
What does immunodeficiency result in & what is an indication of immunodeficiency?
-Immunodeficiency results in increased susceptibility to infection by specific classes or types of microbes
-Repeated or unusual infections is an indication of immunodeficiency
What is primary & secondary immunodeficiency?
Primary immunodeficiency:
-Genetically determined
-or result of developmental anomalies
-Inherited, congenital, and rare
Secondary immunodeficiency:
-Acquired & caused by disease or an immunosuppressive treatment
-More common
What can primary immunodeficiencies be a result of?
It can be genetic so:-autosomal-X-linked (sex chromosome)-gene deletions, rearrangements, polymorphisms (SNPs)
Or
it can be biochemical or metabolic so:-adenosine deaminase deficiency (affects T cells),-purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency (affects T cells)-developmental arrest (affects B cells, T cells, phagocytes)
What are some examples of complement deficiencies?
What are some examples of phagocytosis deficiencies?
What are some examples of humoral/antibody deficiencies?
What are some examples of T cell deficiencies?
What are some clinical features of immunodeficiencies?
Chronic and recurrent infections
Unusual microbial agents
Incomplete responses to treatment
Skin lesions, warts
Diarrhoea
Recurrent abscesses
Autoimmunity
Failure to thrive
What are some examples of causes of secondary immunodeficiencies?