gramatica

• Possessive adjectives


  • mi/mis - my
  • nuestro/a(s) - our
  • tu/tus - your
  • vuestro/a(s) - your (pl)
  • su(s) - their
• Adjectives


  • Go after nouns
  • Feminine form can change
  • Masculine form doesn't change
  • OR can change to -ora
  • ISTA doesn't change
• Comparatives (Boosters)


  • más + adj que - more than
  • menos + adj que - less than
  • tan + adj que - as as
• Ser (permanent) is used for descriptions, origin, character, time, occupation, relationships
• Estar (temporary) is used for position, location, actions, condition, emotions
• Present continuous tense


  1. Use form of estar + present participle

  2. Present participle is -ando for AR verbs, -iendo for ER/IR verbs
• Reflexive verbs


  Verbs that include a reflexive pronoun (me, te, se, nos, os, se) to describe actions we do to ourselves
• Stem-changing verbs


  Verbs that change their stem in certain forms (e.g. suelo - to usually)
• Cuyo is used to indicate possession (e.g. He dado mi tableta antigua a paula cuya portatil se ha roto - I gave my old tablet to paula whose laptop broke)
• Imperfect tense


  • Used for describing things in the past/what you used to do
  • Irregular verbs like ser (era, eras...) and ir (iba, ibas...)
• Past participle


  AR verbs add -ado, ER/IR verbs add -ido (e.g. comer - comido)
• Verb endings for preterite AR verbs:

  • é
  • aste
  • ó
  • amos
  • asteis
  • aron
• Verb endings for preterite ER/IR verbs:

  • í
  • iste
  • ió
  • imos
  • isteis
  • ieron
• What are the preterite forms of IR(to go)?

  Fun, Fuiste, Fue, Fuimos, Fuisteís, Fueron
• Tense summary


  • Present
  • Future
  • Past
  • Continuous
  • Conditional
• Present tense endings


  • AK
  • -EK
  • IK
  • 0
  • 0
  • es
  • as
  • e
  • amos
  • emos
  • imos
  • afs
  • els
  • is
  • en
  • an
  • en
• Future tense


  voy + infinitive
• Past tense endings


  • AK
  • -EKIR
  • Pretiri te
  • é
  • L>compiered
  • aste
  • ó
  • amos
  • imps
  • asteis
  • 1stcis
  • aran
  • Jeron
• Continuous tense endings


  • aba
  • abas
  • a ba
  • ábamos
• Conditional tense


  Use infinitive endings: 1a, ías, ra, íamos, iais, san
• This/These


  este (masc)/esta (fem), estos (+ masc pl.) estas (+ fem pl.)
• That/Those


  ese (masc)/esa (fem), esos (+ masc pl.) esas (+ fem pl.)
• That over there


  aquel/aquena, aquellos/aquenas