B2 - Organisation

Created by

Hajrah J

Cards (30)

What do specialised cells form?
tissues
organs
organ systems
What is a tissue?
group of similar cells working together to carry out a particular function.
e.g (mammals, like humans)
What are cells?
basic building blocks that make up living organisms.
What is an organ?
a group of different tissues that work together to perform a certain function.
e.g (the stomach)
What is an organ system?
a group of organs working together to perform particular function
makes entire organisms
Example (digestive system)
breaks down
absorbs food
made up of glands, stomach, small & large intestine, liver.
What are enzymes?
catalysts produced by living things
What is a chemical reaction?
something YOU make work
enzyme is what makes THEM work
How do you make a reaction happen more quickly?
raise temp
a limit to how far you can raise temp before cells get damaged
What is a catalyst?
substance that increases speed of reaction without being changed or used up
What do enzymes need?
the right temp & pH
changing temp, changes rate or enzyme catalyst reaction
if it gets too hot, bonds break
all enzymes have an optimum pH (neutral pH 7)
What do digestive enzymes break down & how?
big molecules into smaller ones
e.g, starch, protein, fats
Into sugars (amino acids, glycerol, fatty acids)
pass easily through digestive walls & absorbed into bloodstream
Carbohydrates
carbohydrases convert carbohydrates into simple sugars
e.g (amylase) - breaks down starch
made in silvery glands, pancreas & small intestine
Protease
convert proteins into amino acids
made in stomach (pepsin), pancreas & small intestine
Lipsases
convert lipids into glycerol & fatty acids
made in pancreas & small int
Where is blie produced?
liver
neutralises stomach acid & emulsifies fat
Benedict’s test!
test for reducing sugars
+ Benedict’s solution to test tube (5cm food sample) with Pipette
place tube in water bath (leave 5 mins)
blue - green
yellow or brick red
Iodine solution!
tests for starch
+ few drops iodine solution to test tube (5cm food sample)
gently shake to mix contents
browny - orange
TO black
OR blue - black
Biuret test!
+ 2cm (cubed) Biuret solution (2cm food sample)
gently shake to mix contents
blue - purple
no protein (stays blue)
What is the double circulatory system made up of?
heart, blood vessels, blood
right ventricle (pumps deoxygenated blood to lungs, takes in oxygen)
⬆️blood returns to heart
left ventricle (pumps oxygenated blood around other organs)
blood gives up oxygen & deoxygenated blood returns to heart
What are the types of blood vessels?
arteries (carry blood under pressure)
capillaries ( really small)
veins (take blood back to heart)
What is blood & the main things?
it is a tissue
RBC carry oxygen
gives large surface area
doesn‘t have nucleus
contain haemoglobin
What do white blood cells do?
defend against infection
produce antibodies to fight microorganisms
goes through process of phagocytosis
has a nucleus
What do platelets do?
helps blood clot
no nucleus & stops microorganism from getting in
What is plasma?
a liquid that carries everything in blood
e.g RBC & WBC & platelets
glucose & amino acids
co2
urea (liver to kidneys)
hormones & proteins
antibodies & antitoxins
What is Coronary heart disease & the causes?
build up of fatty acids blocking blood getting to muscle of heart
arteries become narrow
restricted blood flow
lack of oxygen
results in heart attack
What are stents & what do they do?
tubes inserted in arteries
keeps arteries open
blood passes through
What are statins?
drugs reducing bad cholesterol in blood
What is a communicable disease?
spread from person to person or between animals & people
caused by bacteria, viruses, parasites, fungi
contagious or infectious
e.g measles & malaria
What is a non communicable disease?
cannot spread from person to person or between animals & people
lasts long time & gets worse slowly
e.g asthma & CHD