monseratt

• Where did it occur?

  Soufriere Hills, Caribbean.
• What type of volcano was it?

  Stratovolcano - the collapse of it produced andesitic lava - thick, hot, high viscosity 110 degrees
• Long-term management?


  1998, people of Monserrat were granted full residency rights in the UK.

  A top heavy population could cause economic disruption (no youth to pay pensions).

  Warning sirens tested daily at 12pm.

  2/3 of land is an exclusion zone.

  Vegetation is slowly growing back and being used for cash crops (cotton).
• type of plate boundary

  destructive

  Earthquakes in benioff zone create Chances Peak.

  Atlantic plate subducts forming part of the Caribbean Island Arc Chain.
• when was it


  june-september 1997
• how many died


  19 died from pyroclastic flow down mosquito ghaut

  flow travelled at 1000 degrees and 128km per hr
• what happened to the population

  decreased from 11,000 to 4,000
• what happened to 50% of the population


  were evacuated to north in temporary shelters - poor sanitation
• why did anti-social behavour increase


  prison had to be evacuated meaning law and order was disrupted
• how many homes and villages destroyed ?

  66% homes destroyed

  20 villages destroyed due to pyroclastic flow
• total loss in homes and investments?

  $1bn
• what happened to tourism

  tourism crashed as airports destroyed by flow

  now, adventure tourism exploits the ash covered ruins of plymouth
• what did the volcanic ash do

  improve soil fertility due to natural enhancers
• what happened to plymouth city

  buried under 12m of ash and mud
• what was vegatation destroed by

  acid rain - leading towards pollution and destoyed ecosystems
• what were set up in the south

  eclusion xones and risks maps. caused heavy restrictions
• how much emercency aid dud UK give

  £17 million
• What did NGOs do?

  Red Cross set up temporary schools and provided food and medical aid
• Why was Montserrat volcano observatory set up


  to predict future eruptions; was successful in 1997
• how much long term aid has UK given and what was it for

  £41 million

  to redevelop the north of the island

  airports and housing has been built with this

  water purification systems
• When were people of montserrat granted british citizenship and why

  2002

  good for adaption but causes brain drain as young people leave and economic leakage means elderly have to survive off pensions