5 - FROG

• What type of animals are frogs?

  Carnivorous tailless amphibians
• Where can frogs be found?

  Almost everywhere in the world
• What class do frogs belong to?

  Amphibia
• What is the body temperature regulation method of frogs?

  They are cold-blooded and poikilothermic
• What do frogs do to maintain optimum body temperature?

  They undergo aestivation and hibernation
• What is a characteristic feature of frogs related to their appearance?

  They can camouflage their skin color
• What are the external features of adult frogs?

  • Stout body differentiated into head and trunk
  • Pair of nostrils
  • Protruding eyes
  • Membranous tympanum (ear)
  • Slippery/warty moist skin
  • Webbed limbs
• How do frogs absorb water and respire?

  Through their slippery, permeable skin
• What do the glands in frog skin produce?

  Mucus and toxic substances
• How do frogs locomote?

  Using their forelimbs and hind limbs
• What is the sexual characteristic of male frogs?

  Presence of vocal sacs and copulatory pads
• How do male and female frogs differ?

  Male frogs have vocal sacs; females do not
• What organ systems are present in frogs?

  • Digestive system
  • Respiratory system
  • Circulatory system
  • Excretory system
  • Nervous system
  • Reproductive system
• What is the structure of the frog's digestive system?

  • Alimentary canal and accessory organs
  • Begins at the mouth
  • Passes through pharynx, oesophagus, stomach
  • Includes small and large intestines, rectum, cloaca
• Why do frogs have a short intestine?

  Because they are carnivorous
• What are the two modes of respiration in frogs?

  1. Cutaneous respiration (through skin)
  2. Pulmonary respiration (through lungs)
• What happens during cutaneous respiration in frogs?

  Diffusion of dissolved oxygen through skin
• What is the function of the frog's heart?

  Pumps blood through three chambers
• How many chambers does a frog's heart have?

  Three chambers
• What is the major excretory product of frogs?

  Urea
• What does the frog's excretory system consist of?

  • Pair of kidneys
  • Ureters
  • Cloaca
  • Urinary bladder
• What is the role of nephrons in frogs?

  Filter blood and excrete waste
• What systems control coordination in frogs?

  • Nervous system
  • Endocrine system
• What are the components of the endocrine system in frogs?

  • Pituitary gland
  • Thyroid gland
  • Parathyroid gland
  • Thymus
  • Pineal body
  • Pancreatic islets
  • Adrenals
  • Gonads
• What is the function of hormones in frogs?

  Regulate metamorphism and other functions
• What are the parts of the frog's nervous system?

  • Central Nervous System (CNS)
  • Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
  • Brain (forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain)
• What protects the frog's spinal cord?

  Vertebral column
• How do male and female frogs reproduce?

  • Male: testes produce sperm, ejected through cloaca
  • Female: ovaries produce ovum, passed to oviduct
  • Fertilization is external
• How many eggs can a female frog lay at one time?

  2500 to 3000 eggs
• What is the common pathway for excretion and reproduction in frogs?

  Cloaca