Physics

• motion, Forces and energy
• measurments quantities
• Equipment for accurate measurements

  • Length - ruler, trundle wheat
  • Weight - weighing scale
  • Volume - beaker, ruter (moth), muring cylinder
  • Speed - Speedometer, kmer & trundle wheel, stop water ruler stick
• Physical quantities can be classified as either scalar or vector
• Scalar quantity


  Has magnitude (size only)
• Scalar quantity


  • Speed (km/h)
• Vector quantity


  Has both magnitude and direction
• Vector quantity


  • Velocity (36m/h north)
• Temperature is a scalar quantity
• Velocity is a vector quantity
• Weight is a vector quantity
• Time is a scalar quantity
• Distance is a scalar quantity
• Force is a vector quantity
• Energy is a scalar quantity
• Joules is the unit of energy
• Newtons is the unit of force
• Oscillation is when an object moves from its start position and returns to that position
• Period


  The time taken to complete one oscillation
• When the length of the pendulum is increased

  The period of the pendulum also increases
• Speed is distance travelled per unit of time
• Average speed is total distance travelled divided by total time
• Motion can be represented on a distance-time graph
• AB on the distance-time graph represents constant speed
• BC on the distance-time graph represents the object being stationary
• CD on the distance-time graph represents the object speeding up
• The gradient of a distance-time graph represents speed
• The gradient of a speed-time graph represents acceleration
• The area under a speed-time graph represents distance travelled
• AB on the speed-time graph represents acceleration increasing speed
• BC on the speed-time graph represents constant speed (zero acceleration)
• CD on the speed-time graph represents increasing speed (increasing acceleration)
• Velocity is speed in a specific direction (a vector quantity)
• Acceleration


  The change in velocity divided by the change in time
• When the velocity of an object is decreasing, the object is decelerating
• In free fall with negligible air resistance, all objects accelerate at the same rate
• The acceleration of free fall on Earth is approximately 9.8 m/s^2
• Mass


  The amount of matter in an object (measured in kg)
• Weight


  The force on a mass caused by a gravitational field (measured in N)
• Gravitational field strength


  The gravitational force per unit mass (N/kg) or the acceleration of free fall (m/s^2)