the Presbyterian Movement

• what was it an aspect of?

  the broader Puritan movement
• what did they believe?


  the COE should be further reformed in its structure and form of worship
• what did its ideas grow out of?

  Calvin's views on Church organisation and discipline
• what did it emerge partly in reaction to?

  the Vestiarian Controversy
• what did some begin to question?

  the scriptural basis for the authority of bishops and other aspects of the Church
• where were their criticisms voiced?

  in 2 pamphlets aka the 2 Admonitions - main author = John Field
• what did the 1st Admonition state?

  attacked the Book of Common Prayer and called for the abolition of bishops
• what did the 2nd Admonition state?


  provided a detailed description of a Presbyterian system of Church government
• what was the pamphlet war following the Admonitions between?

  Thomas Cartwright, Cambridge academic, and the vice-chancellor of Cambridge University, John Whitgift
• what did Cartwright and the Presbyterians believe?

  that a Church founded on 'superstitious' or 'popish' principles must be spiritually flawed
• what had to be modified?

  the 1559 Settlement
• what did Whitgift argue?

  that the Presbyterians' attitude was destructive and would split the Church
• how was the movement limited?

  geographically narrow
• where was the movement largely confined to?

  London, Essex, the university of Cambridge, Suffolk and parts of the East Midlands
• what status did it attract?

  some high-ranking support
• who saw the advantages of Presbyterianism as a bulwark against the influence of Catholicism?

  the Earl of Huntingdon, Dudley and Cecil
• what did all 3 defend?

  clergymen who were fell foul of the authorities because of their alleged sympathy for the movement
• when did the movement grow?

  1580s
• what was developed through local assemblies?

  ideas of Church government
• what were developed?

  provincial and national synods
• what failed?

  attempts to bring change through Parliament
• what did the efforts fail despite of?

  the efforts of Peter Turner in 1584 and Anthony Cope in 1587