ch.23

• Alimentary Canal is smooth muscle canal from the mouth to anus
• the Alimentary canal is 16-25 ft alive and 30 ft dead
• the alimentary canal digest food for energy which both chemical and mechanical
• the alimentary canal absorbs food into the blood
• alimentary canal organs are where food actually goes through
• the alimentary canal organs are the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and rectum
• accessory digestive organs are organs outside the canal that help
• accessory digestive organs are the pancreas, liver, gallbladder, teeth, tongue, salivary glands, and palates
• ingesting is taking food at the mouth
• propulsion is the movement through the canal, which include swallowing and peristalsis
• peristalsis is the contraction and relaxation of the muscles from esophagus to intestines
• mechanical breakdown is chewing, mixing with saliva , churning, and segmentation
• segmentation is mixing food with digestive juice, which increases absorption
• digestion both mechanical and chemical digestion using enzyme directly in canal
• absorption sends the food into blood and lymph, the SI carries nutrients and LI caries water
• defecation is elimination of indigestible substances at anus
• Internal regulation includes sensory regulation and enteric nervous system and have short reflexes
• mechanoreceptors detect force in canal
• osmoreceptors detect water changes
• chemoreceptors detect change in chemicals and pH
• enteric nervous system is the GI nervous system that activates glands and moves food through lumen
• external regulation is the CNS and has long reflexes
• peritoneum is a serous membrane of the abdominal cavity
• the peritoneum contains the visceral (lines organs) and parietal(lines body wall)
• intraperitoneal organs are the stomach, live and intestines
• retroperitoneal organs are pancreas, and intestines
• mesentery is peritoneum layers holding organs to wall, stores fat and route for nerves and vessels
• splanchnic circulation is arterial and supplies oxygen, which is celiac trunk, and mesenteric
• hepatic portal system is venous and moves nutrients to liver which includes mesenteric
• There are 32 adult teeth
• There are 20 infant teeth
• Hard palate deals with chewing
• Soft palate deals with swallowing
• Salivary glands have amylase which breaks down starch
• The sphincter between the mouth and Esophagus is the epiglottis
• Food becomes bolus then chyme
• Esophagus is 25cm and has squamous epithelium
• the esophagus secretes mucus
• The lower esophageal sphincter is a thicken muscle band between the esophagus and stomach
• In the stomach protein chemical breakdown happens