SS LESSON 2: THE AGE OF ENCOUNTER AND REASON

• Desire for wealth are silver and gold, 15th -16th century
• demand in spices and luxury goods explaining the cultivation of cash crops in colonies
• monopoly of venetian merchants this was due to the fall of costantinople
• mercantilism was the dominant economic system in the 16th century
• new mindset of europeans

  glory
• cross used as weapon and even more powerful than sword
• caravel an efficient vessel 15th century. it caught winds efficiently
• galleon 16th century replaced caravel providing greater carrying capacity
• compass and astrolobe are used to observe and calculate the position of human body
• sextant is used to measure angular distances
• social gatherings of elites usually hosted by a lady of high stature

  salon
• this era is also known as "reason" in understanding the world and formulating solutions to their problems

  the age of reason
• he published the spirit of laws

  Baron Charles de Montesquieu
• he published the social contract


  Jean Jacques Rousseau
• his famous work is candide

  Francois marie arouet
• 3 branches of government

  legislative, executive, judicial
• makes the law, senate


  legislative
• carries out the law, president


  executive
• evaluates the law, supreme court


  judicial
• he's the father of economics


  Adam Smith
• the heliocentric theory


  nicolaus capernicus
• his famous work is about planetary motion
• who invented the thermoscope?

  Galileo Galilei
• on the structure of human body

  Andreas Vesalius
• new method of scientific inquiry


  francis bacon
• laws of motion


  isaac newton
• cogito ergo sum

  rene descartes
• known as unifying force

  crusades
• • rocked the stability and the complacency of the Roman Catholic Church. Missionaries sent to new lands.

  protestant reformation
• The Pilgrim Fathers  founded the first colony in Massachusetts who were mostly English Protestants

  escaping persecution
• know for his work about planetary motion

  Johannes Kepler
• • military campaign launched by the Catholic Spaniards that expelled the Muslims from Spain.

  Reconquista
• • Christopher Colombus challenged the idea of the “Flat Earth” theory reaching the Americas thus there was nothing to fear.

  breaking of traditional theories
• • desire for supremacy in navigation, naval power, & missionary zeal.

  rivalry of European powers
• • political organization of European countries enabled them to harness collective energies of their people behind this cause of exploration and discovery.

  Monarchies
• meant that the colonial power would establish trading posts along strategic routes to support trading interests in particular areas of the world.

  trading empires
• • The colonial power worked with local rulers in terms of treaties that both parties entered into.

  true
• meant the setting up of overseas colonies with a colonial government manned by European governors who exercised both civil and military powers and top bureaucrats and supported by military presence through garrisons established throughout the territory.

  settlements empire
• • a state that was gargantuan in form and substance that dominate everything. Supports Absolutism, which directs rule of state by one powerful leader.

  Thomas Hobbes – Leviathan Government
• • his work supports constitutionalism, which directs power from the people. He believed in Mans Natural Rights such as Right to Life, Liberty, and Property. Assertion of “ultimate right to revolution” to remove and establish new government that protects the natural right of the citizens. Supports liberalism.

  John Locke (1632 -1704) – Two Treatises of Civil Government