SCIENCE

• KINETIC MOLECULAR THEORY (KMT)- explains the properties of gases and describes the behavior of gases.
• VOLUME- The volume of a gas is the AMOUNT OF SPACE occupied by the gases. Gases have the tendency to occupy all the spaces of the container that they are confined.
• Unit of Volume: mL, L, cm3
• PRESSURE- The pressure of a confined gas is the AVERAGE EFFECT OF THE FORCES of colliding molecules.
• Unit of pressure: Atmosphere(atm), torr, psi, cmHg, mmHg
• TEMPERATURE -The temperature of a gas is the measure of the hotness or coldness of an object. It is proportional to the average kinetic energy of its molecules.
• Kelvin or K is the absolute temperature scale
• Unit of temperature: C, F, K
• AMOUNT OF SUBSTANCE -The mole is a measure or the base unit for the amount of substance present in the given sample
• Unit of amount of substance: mole of gas
• Gases are composed of molecules. The distances from one molecule to another molecule are far greater than the molecules’ dimensions. These molecules can be considered as spherical bodies which possess negligible mass and volume.
• Gas molecules are always in constant motion, and they frequently collide with one another and with the walls of the container. Collision among the molecules is perfectly elastic, that is, energy may transfer from one molecule to molecule as the result of collision but the total energy of all the molecules in the system remains the same/ constant
• There is a neither attractive nor repulsive force between or among gas molecules.
• Movement of gas molecules is affected by temperature. The average kinetic of the molecules is directly related to the temperature of gas.
• BOYLE’S LAW The relationship between the volume and pressure of gases at constant temperature.
• The relationship between the volume and pressure of gases at constant temperature was first stated by Robert Boyle during the 16th century.
• He finally concluded that the volume of a fixed amount of gas is inversely proportional so its pressure at constant temperature.
• Formula for Boyle's Law: P1V1 = P2V2
• Charles’ law, a statement that the volume occupied by a fixed amount of gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature, if the pressure remains constant.
• Charles' law is named after Jacques Charles.
• Formula of Charles' law: V1T2=V2T1
• To convert celsius to kelvin, you add 273 K.
• BIOMOLECULES - is any molecule that is produced by a living organism, including large macromolecules such as proteins, polysaccharides, lipids and nucleic acids.
• CARBOHYDRATES - serve as the major of chemical ENERGY for living organism
• Components of carbohydrates : carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
• building blocks of carbohydrates - monosaccharides
• types of carbohydrates - monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides
• polysaccharide - many monosaccharides joined together (starch, glycogen, cellulose)
• disaccharide - two monosaccharides joined together (maltose, sucrose, lactose)
• monosaccharide - simple sugar (glucose)
• fructose- sugar from fruits
• glucose - honey
• galactose - digested milk
• table sugar (glucose + fructose)
• milk sugar (galactose + glucose)
• beer sugar ( glucose + glucose)
• Starch - potatoes
• glycogen - animal starch
• cellulose - vegetables
• LIPIDS - stores energy in human body