GEUS

• Unpacking the self


  A gradual unfolding, a growth process, in which the aspects that surround the self and identity develop in an integrated in a healthy way
• Aspects that make up the self

  • Physical
  • Sexual
  • Material
  • Spiritual
  • Political
  • Digital
• Physical self


  Understanding the physical self requires an analysis of life span and the physical development that happens in each stage
• The physical changes that occur at the start of adolescence result largely from the secretion of various hormones which virtually affects every aspect of an adolescent's life, particularly the way they view themselves
• Physical self


  The body
• Adolescence


  Begins with the onset of puberty, characterized by rapid physical changes that include the maturation of the reproductive system
• Life span


  Development from conception to death
• Stages of life span

  • Prenatal -- fertilization to birth
  • Infancy -- birth to 2 weeks of life
  • Babyhood -- 2 weeks of life to 2nd year
  • Early Childhood -- 2 to 6 years old
  • Late Childhood -- 6 to 10 or 12 years old
  • Puberty -- 10 or 12 to 14 years old
  • Adolescence -- 14 to 18 years old
  • Early Adulthood -- 18 to 40 years old
  • Middle Adulthood -- 40 to 60 years old
  • Late Adulthood or Senescence -- 60 to death
• TWO FACTORS AFFECTING PHYSICAL GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

  • Heredity
  • Environment
• Heredity


  The biological process of the inheritance of traits from parents to offspring
• Environment


  Factors an individual is exposed to throughout life which includes learning and experiences
• Environmental factors such as diet, nutrition, and diseases play an important role in an individual's physical development
• Chromosomes


  Threadlike tissues that carries the genes, and are usually found in pairs
• Genes


  The basic carrier of hereditary traits and are classified as dominant (strong genes) and recessive (weak genes)
• Theory of Physiognomy


  Suggests that a person's physical characteristics such as facial features and expressions and body structures could be related to a person's character or personality
• Five Element Theory


  Make use of the elements of water, wood, fire, earth, and metal as archetypes for everything occurring in the natural world
• Theory based on the prominence of body fluids


  Developed by Hippocrates which suggests that an excess of or deficiency in any of the four bodily fluids or humors in a person influences their personality, temperament, and well-being
• Four bodily fluids or humors

  • Sanguine (prominence of red bile; tend to be impulsive, cheerful, happy, and optimistic)
  • Melancholic (prominence of black bile; tend to be depressed and pessimistic)
  • Choleric (prominence of yellow bile; are easily angry, jumpy, and temperamental)
  • Phlegmatic (excess phlegm; tend to be sluggish, dull, and slow)
• Body-type Theory


  Developed by William Sheldon in the 1940s which are based on physical characteristics
• Three body types

  • Endomorphic (soft and plump; perceived to be easy going and sociable)
  • Mesomorphic
  • Ectomorphic
• Mesomorphic


  • Strong muscular body; perceived to be energetic, adventurous, assertive, and courageous; competitive and tend to be dominant
• Ectomorphic


  • Tall and thin; tend to be restrained, quiet, introverted, and artistic
• The Wisdom of Your Face


  A book by Jean Haner (2008) that suggests personality traits based on facial features
• Facial features and associated personality traits

  • Oval-shaped faces are generally hospitable and tactful
  • Round-shaped faces tend to be friendly, kindhearted, and selfless
  • Square faces tend to be witty, analytical, and great leaders
  • Heart-shaped faces are patient and intuitive by nature
  • Long-shaped faces are perfectionists and tend to be aggressive
  • Triangle-shaped faces tend to be creative, artistic, sensitive, and determined
  • Diamond faces are very detail-oriented and like to be in control
• Other facial features and associated personality traits

  • Full and thick eyebrows tend to be confident, assertive, and goal-oriented
  • Large or highly-defined jaws have strong values and firm beliefs
• An earlier study by Squier and Mew (1981) suggests that persons with long and angular-shaped faces tend to be more responsive, assertive, and genuine than persons with short and square-shaped faces who tend to be more restrained, conforming, and shrewd
• Body Image


  How individuals perceived, think, and feel about their body and physical appearance
• Appearance


  Everything about a person that others can observe such as height, weight, skin color, clothes, and hairstyle
• Self-esteem


  A person's overall evaluation of his or her own worth
• In Egyptian art, beauty is perceived in women with slim, high waist, narrow hips, and long black hair
• Beauty standards

  During the Renaissance period, women with a full figure and rounded hips were considered beautiful
• Beauty standards

  Some tribes (e.g., Africa) during the Medieval Age considered chubby, fat, or plump women beautiful
• Beauty standards


  People in Malaysia, Philippines, and Indonesia used to consider flat noses to be attractive
• Traditional beauty standards


  • Clean and unblemished skin
  • Thick shiny hair
  • Well-proportioned bodies
  • Symmetrical faces
• Advertisements, magazines, and televisions are filled with good-looking faces which emphasize the value of physical attractiveness
• Some people desperately change their physical appearance through body modification
• Tattooing


  Injects ink onto the skin to draw a design
• Makeup


  Can also be permanently tattooed
• Body piercing


  Lets people wear jewelry through different piercings in their body such as the ears, nose, and tongue, among others
• Cosmetic surgery


  Includes surgical and non-surgical procedures to restore, reconstruct, or alter body parts