Chapter 17.1

• Active immunization: Administration of antigens so patient actively mounts an adaptive immune response
• Passive immunotherapy: Individual acquires immunity through the transfer of antibodies formed by immune individual or animal
• Attenuated vaccines: Live, modified pathogens
• Attenuated vaccines Advantages: Stimulate strong immune response, can provide contact immunity
• Attenuated vaccines Disadvantages: Can result in mild infections, microbes can regain virulence or harm susceptible individuals
• Inactivated vaccines: Killed pathogens
• Inactivated vaccines advantages: Safer than live
• Inactivated vaccines disadvantages: Can require multiple doses, or adjuvants to increase their efficacy
• Toxoid vaccines: Modified toxins
• Toxoid vaccine advantages: Doesn’t contain the pathogen at all
• Toxoid vaccine disadvantage: Requires multiple doses
• Combination vaccines: Multiple pathogens
• Problems associated with immunization: Mild toxicity, risk of seizures, and residual virulence
• Passive immunotherapy: Administration of antiserum that contains preformed antibodies