WEEK 9

• Art Movements


  • Photorealism
  • Conceptual Art
  • Minimalism
  • Surrealism
  • Optical Art
  • Constructivism
  • Abstract Expressionism
  • Dadaism
• Abstract


  Based on a subject—you can recognize objects or symbols. It represents reality by changing the subject so that it is completely unrecognizable
• Non-Objective


  No subject, object, or clues of subject. Based only on the Elements & Principles of Art. It is abstract or non-representational art. It tends to be geometric and does not represent specific objects, people, or other subjects found in the natural world
• Dadaism


  A post-World War I cultural movement in visual art as well as literature (mainly poetry), theatre and graphic design. A protest against the barbarism of the War and what Dadaists believed was an oppressive intellectual rigidity in both art and everyday society; its works were characterized by a deliberate irrationality and the rejection of the prevailing standards of art
• Dadaism


  • The Dadaists first met at a café Cabaret Voltaire in Zurich, Switzerland in 1916
  • Their leader was named Tristan Tzara, a poet from Romania. His co-founder was Richard Huelsenbeck
  • Their motto was "Destruction is also creation" because Dada had no rules. Dada had no values. Dada shocked people
• Dadaism Philosophy


  • The idea is more important than the work itself
  • Art can be made of anything
• In general, Dada sought to undermine all art, viewing it as part of cultural norms and sensibilities that established oppressive aesthetic standards and emphasized the "reason" and "order" that had led to the self-annihilating destruction of World War I
• Surrealism


  Launched in Paris in 1924 by French poet André Breton with publication of his Manifesto of Surrealism. Breton was strongly influenced by the theories of Sigmund Freud, the founder of psychoanalysis. The Dadaists discovered the unconscious mind and the dream as sources of a new reality and artistic inspiration
• Surrealists believed that automatism (automatic writing and drawing) was a better way to tackle societal change than the Dada movements attack on prevailing values. The element of chance was important to Surrealist artists
• Constructivism


  An artistic and architectural theory that originated in Russia at the beginning of 1913 by Vladimir Tatlin. This was a rejection of the idea of autonomous art by constructing it. The movement supported art as a practice for social objectives
• Constructivism


  • Constructivist art focused on industrial production. Constructivists used stripped down, geometric forms and modest materials. Their visual language existed of forms that they could draw with practical instruments like compasses and rulers. Materials like wood, glass and metal were analysed and judged on the basis of how suitable they were for use in mass-produced objects and images
• Abstract Expressionism


  A painting movement in which artists typically applied paint rapidly, and with force to their huge canvases in an effort to show feelings and emotions. The main result of the new American fascination with Surrealism was the emergence of Abstract Expressionism. Produced in New York roughly between 1940-1960
• Abstract Expressionism


  • Made New York the center of the art world, and was often called the "New York School"
  • Arshile Gorky was the artist to put this movement into motion, because his art ideals were obtained from Surrealism, Picasso, and Miro
• Optical Art


  A form of geometric abstract art, that explores optical sensations through the use of visual effects such as recurring simple forms and rhythmic patterns, vibrating colour-combinations, moiré patterns and foreground-background confusion. Formally, all Op Art paintings and works employ tricks of visual perception like manipulating rules of perspective to give the illusion of three-dimensional space, mixing colours to create the impression of light and shadow
• Minimalism


  Describes movements in carious forms of art and design, especially visual art and music, where the work is stripped down to its most fundamental form. Most strongly with American visual arts in the late 1960's and early 1970's
• Minimalism


  • Geometric
  • Often cubic forms purged of much metaphor
  • Equality of parts
  • Repetition
  • Neutral surfaces
  • Solid planes of color
  • Normally precise
  • Hard-edged
  • Thrives on simplicity in both content and form
• Conceptual Art


  • Ideas are more important then the finished work
  • Art of ideas
  • Uses images and objects to make the viewer think, and to think particularly about what art is and what it means
  • Rejected the idea of "art should be beautiful"
  • Rejects conventional painting and sculpture
• Photorealism


  An art movement that involves replicating the original photo image into a painting or a sculpture. It derived from pop art minimalism because it challenged peoples art paradigms and it also focused on American consumerism. Photorealism originated in the United States in the 1960's
• Body Art


  Appears from influence of the hippie movement (sexual freedom and pacifism), from the counter-culture movement and from the youth explosion. Could be: Hairstyles, Nail Art, Make up, Tattoos, Piercings
• Performance Art


  An art in which the medium is the artist's own body and the artwork takes the form of actions performed by the artist. Art that could not be bought, sold or traded as a commodity. While the terms 'performance' and 'performance art' only became widely used in the 1970s, the history of performance in the visual arts is often traced back to futurist productions and dada cabarets of the 1910s
• Performance Art is a legitimate artistic movement, is live, has no rules or guidelines, is not for sale (though admission tickets and film rights may be sold), and may be comprised of painting, sculpture, dialogue, poetry, music, dance, film footage, laser lights, animals, fire, etc. Performance Art may be entertaining, amusing, shocking or horrifying. It is meant to be memorable