RWS

• Reading


  A cognitive process of decoding symbols to derive meaning from a text. It is always an interaction between the text and the reader.
• We read to gain and share information and ideas, whether for academic, personal, or professional purposes.
• Reading is also a skill that can be improved through consistent practice
• Getting an overview of the text

  Previewing - looking at the readily visible part of the text. We use this when we are looking for titles and subtitles, visuals, graphs, pictures, and charts.

  use

  Skimming - looking for the main point of the reading material. This means that physically, your eyes roam rapidly along the page and your finger traces along the lines. look quickly at the beginning and concluding sentences of the text.

  Scanning - looking for specific information found in the text. Look for needed ideas and details in the reading materials.
• Context Clues


  Words, phrases, and sentences that surround an unfamiliar word that can help you recognize the meaning of an unknown word
• Types of Context Clues

  • Synonyms
  • Antonyms
  • Examples
  • Explanations and Definitions
  • Situations
• SYNONYMS – are words or phrases that are similar in meaning to the unknown word. Maybe signaled by the word ‘like’ or ‘as.’

  • Alice envisaged the Jabberwock in her mind. She imagined its sharp claws and jaws and then shivered in fright.
• ANTONYMS – are words or phrases that reveal the opposite meaning in

  relation to the unknown word. Maybe signaled by the word ‘although,’ ‘but,’ ‘despite,’ ‘instead,’ ‘in contrast,’ ‘unlike,’ ‘however,’ ‘even though,’ ‘on the contrary,’ and ‘conversely.’

  • The Jabberwock was relentlessly pursued by the boy, unlike the others who gave up easily when they heard how terrifying the creature was.
  • -
  • The hero in the poem did not give in to trepidation; rather, he bravely slew the Jabberwock with his sword.
• EXAMPLES – are specific details in a text that are used to clarify the

  meaning of a word.

  • There are many eccentric creatures in the forest, such as mome raths and borogoves.
  • Only a few weapons are truly nifty in hunting monsters like vorpal and sword.
• EXPLANATIONS AND DEFINITIONS – may be given as clues to describe an

  unknown term. Maybe signaled by the word ‘because’ or ‘that

  is.’ Meanwhile, definitions may follow an unfamiliar word and may be

  signaled by the word ‘means,’ ‘as,’ and ‘refer to’ are used.

  • Hearing someone outgrabe ─ which means he is whistling, bellowing, and sneezing all at once ─ can be a funny sight.
• SITUATIONS – depending on how a word is used can also be helpful in

  determining its meaning. The meaning of the word may change depending on its context, or how and where it is used.

  • The boy wondered if he should have brought some backup, in case he could not take on the Jabberwock by himself.
  • The hero’s conquest of the Jabberwock is an exemplary case of

  bravery.

  • The hero is lucky that the murder of the Jabberwock does not merit a case in court!
• Using Connotation and Denotation

  DENOTATION is the basic, precise, literal meaning of the word that can be found in the dictionary. Meanwhile, CONNOTATION is the positive, negative, or neutral feelings, attitudes, ideas, or associations with the word after it has been used for a long time.
• Edgar Allan Poe - (1809 to 1849) was known as a American writer known for his contribution to the genre of horror mystery, and gothic fiction.

  His life was marked by personal tragedies, including early death of his parent and wife. Poe's mysterious death adds an enigmatic aspects to his life and legacy.
• The Cask of Amontillado - Edgar Allan Poe

  Cask - wooden barrel

  Amontillado - wine

  Flambeaux - lamp

  Medoc - first wine montresors gave

  Montresors - a protagonist who want to take revenge

  Fortunato - someone who was going to die

  De Grave - second wine

  Requiescat - let him rest in peace
• Reading is a cognitive process of decoding

  symbols to derive meaning from a text.
• Reading is also a skill that can be improved through consistent practice.
• Rewriting - The most important process of writing is known as “generating ideas.”
• "thinking about thinking" - metacognitive
• Brainstorming - The process of producing as many ideas as possible about a topic.
• Graphic Organizer - A visual and graphic display

  that depicts the relationship between facts,

  terms, and ideas.
• Outline - A helpful guide inorganizing your

  paper.
• Journalistic Question - answr the big six questions, who, what, where, when, why and how
• Listing - Generating some broad ideas, then building on those associations for

  more detail.
• Mapping - web-like ideas that allow you to explore the relationship between ideas
• Cubbing- a process that enables you to look at one topic from six different ways.
• Freewriting- generating ideas by writing nonstops for a predetermined amount of time
• Concept Map - central ideas with their corresponding characteristics.
• Flow Diagram - "sequel chart" that shows the series of steps or events.
• Venn Diagram - used to identify similarities and differences. '
• Cause and Effect Diagram - direct relationship between concepts "fish bone" .
• Main Ideas and Details - It shows the hierarchical relationship between major concepts and their subordinate elements.
• Formal Outline

  • more traditional and structured
  • follow a set of pattern that uses a combination of Roman numerals, letters, and Arabic numbers
  • shows hierarchy of information
• Informal Outline

  • less structured
  • presents overview of placement of ideas in a text
• Two Major Types of Outline

  • Topic Outline
  • Sentence Outline
• Topic Outline

  • List of words or phrases
  • Uses a hierarchical arrangement of ideas
  • Identifies all the mini topics that your paper

  will comprise and how they are connected to

  one another.
• Sentence Outline

  • List complete sentences
  • Expresses complete and specific ideas
  • Shows exactly what you will write about each mini topic.
• A paragraph is a “group of sentences or a sentence that forms a unit“
• Paragraph are :

  • unified
  • clearly related to the thesis
  • coherent
  • well-developed
• Definition - It is putting an identity to something;

  it is assigning an existence to something that was relatively unknown before.
• Technique in creating a definition essay :

  • Analysis
  • Collocation
  • Comparison
  • Contrast
  • Etymology
  • Function
  • Negation
  • Synonyms